Hi hav a luk at d process of research methodology. It might b useful for u pple...
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Aim of the research:
The assigned task was to conduct a survey for a well reputed company. Research is concerned with the systematic and objective collection, analysis and evaluation of information about specific aspects in order to help management make effective decisions.
Once the aspect is identified and defined it is the responsibility of the researcher to chalk out a comprehensive plan explaining each step required to conduct the research in a successful manner.
Objective:
The first step in research is setting the objectives for which their study is to be undertaken. It is essential that objectives are set before hand. The objectives must be hierarchical, quantifiable, realistic and verifiable.
The main objective of this study is to study how the employees value for rewards and recognition (non-monetary rewards) in Tata Consultancy Services Ltd.
Period of study:
The time period was three months for the study, starting from January to March _ _ _ _.
Data Used:
The type of data collected comprises of Primary data and Secondary data.
Primary data is the first hand data collected from the employees. It was collected through questionnaire.
Secondary data for the study has been compiled from the reports and official publication of the organization, which have been helped in getting an insight of the present scenario existing in the operation of the company.
Research Instrument:
The method used for data collection was “questionnaire method”. The questionnaire is a structured one. It was a mixture of open ended, close ended and multiple choice. The words used were simple and helps in avoiding confusion and misunderstanding among the respondents.
Research Design:
The Research design is purely and simply the framework of plan for a study that guides the collection and analysis of data. Descriptive Research design was used for this research.
Research Approach:
Questionnaire survey method was adopted for completing the data collection in this research.
Sample Design:
In designing the sample the researcher must specify three things.
1) Sampling Unit
2) Sample Size
3) Sampling Technique
Sampling Unit:
The unit comprises of all employees cadre from Level 1 to 5.
Sample Size:
The size of the sample is 100.
Sampling Technique:
The technique adopted here is the probability sampling, simple random sampling was adopted.
The Statistical tools applied
1. Percentage
2. Chi-Square Test
Percentage:
The earliest method used in analysis is percentage methods.
No. of respondents for each response
Percentage = ------------------------------------------------------ * 100
Total Number of respondents
Chi-Square Test ( X2 ) :
The X2 test is one of the simplest and most widely used non-parametric test in statistical work.
The formula used to find out the X2 value is
2
X2 = -------------------
E
Where O stands for Observed Frequency.
E Stands for expected frequency
In general the expected frequency for any cell can be calculated from the following equation.
RTXCT
E= ------------------------
N
Where
RT = the row total for the row containing the cell
CT = the column total for the column containing the cell
N = the total number of observation
Degree of Freedom (d.f) = (r-1) (c-1)
Where R = number of rows
C = number of columns
Charts:
Charts are the graphical representation of data. It is mainly to give a clear picture of the collected data. Charts helps to communicate the data easily to the viewer without comsuming much time. It is done with more care and well planned before representing the data in a pictorial form.
Report Presentation:
Analysis and evaluation of data transform the raw data collected during the field survey into management information. This has communicated in an attractive and effective information. Report is planned and also relevant to the information needed. It is clearly represented, effectively illustrated with tables, diagrams etc. Printing and binding is done with special care.
Regards
Arul....
From India, New Delhi
2RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Aim of the research:
The assigned task was to conduct a survey for a well reputed company. Research is concerned with the systematic and objective collection, analysis and evaluation of information about specific aspects in order to help management make effective decisions.
Once the aspect is identified and defined it is the responsibility of the researcher to chalk out a comprehensive plan explaining each step required to conduct the research in a successful manner.
Objective:
The first step in research is setting the objectives for which their study is to be undertaken. It is essential that objectives are set before hand. The objectives must be hierarchical, quantifiable, realistic and verifiable.
The main objective of this study is to study how the employees value for rewards and recognition (non-monetary rewards) in Tata Consultancy Services Ltd.
Period of study:
The time period was three months for the study, starting from January to March _ _ _ _.
Data Used:
The type of data collected comprises of Primary data and Secondary data.
Primary data is the first hand data collected from the employees. It was collected through questionnaire.
Secondary data for the study has been compiled from the reports and official publication of the organization, which have been helped in getting an insight of the present scenario existing in the operation of the company.
Research Instrument:
The method used for data collection was “questionnaire method”. The questionnaire is a structured one. It was a mixture of open ended, close ended and multiple choice. The words used were simple and helps in avoiding confusion and misunderstanding among the respondents.
Research Design:
The Research design is purely and simply the framework of plan for a study that guides the collection and analysis of data. Descriptive Research design was used for this research.
Research Approach:
Questionnaire survey method was adopted for completing the data collection in this research.
Sample Design:
In designing the sample the researcher must specify three things.
1) Sampling Unit
2) Sample Size
3) Sampling Technique
Sampling Unit:
The unit comprises of all employees cadre from Level 1 to 5.
Sample Size:
The size of the sample is 100.
Sampling Technique:
The technique adopted here is the probability sampling, simple random sampling was adopted.
The Statistical tools applied
1. Percentage
2. Chi-Square Test
Percentage:
The earliest method used in analysis is percentage methods.
No. of respondents for each response
Percentage = ------------------------------------------------------ * 100
Total Number of respondents
Chi-Square Test ( X2 ) :
The X2 test is one of the simplest and most widely used non-parametric test in statistical work.
The formula used to find out the X2 value is
2
X2 = -------------------
E
Where O stands for Observed Frequency.
E Stands for expected frequency
In general the expected frequency for any cell can be calculated from the following equation.
RTXCT
E= ------------------------
N
Where
RT = the row total for the row containing the cell
CT = the column total for the column containing the cell
N = the total number of observation
Degree of Freedom (d.f) = (r-1) (c-1)
Where R = number of rows
C = number of columns
Charts:
Charts are the graphical representation of data. It is mainly to give a clear picture of the collected data. Charts helps to communicate the data easily to the viewer without comsuming much time. It is done with more care and well planned before representing the data in a pictorial form.
Report Presentation:
Analysis and evaluation of data transform the raw data collected during the field survey into management information. This has communicated in an attractive and effective information. Report is planned and also relevant to the information needed. It is clearly represented, effectively illustrated with tables, diagrams etc. Printing and binding is done with special care.
Regards
Arul....
From India, New Delhi
Hi vivek m not sure of the difference but i hav found out the explaination for both the kind of research hope it'll b usefull for u k..
Social research refers to research conducted by social scientists (primarily within sociology and social psychology), but also within other disciplines such as social policy, human geography, political science, social anthropology and education. Sociologists and other social scientists study diverse things: from census data on hundreds of thousands of human beings, through the in-depth analysis of the life of a single important person to monitoring what is happening on a street today - or what was happening a few hundred years ago.
Social scientists use many different methods in order to describe, explore and understand social life. Social methods can generally be subdivided into two broad categories. Quantitative methods are concerned with attempts to quantify social phenomena and collect and analyse numerical data, and focus on the links among a smaller number of attributes across many cases. Qualitative methods, on the other hand, emphasise personal experiences and interpretation over quantification, are more concerned with understanding the meaning of social phenomena and focus on links among a larger number of attributes across relatively few cases. While very different in many aspects, both qualitative and quantitative approaches involve a systematic interaction between theories and data.
Common tools of quantitative researchers include surveys, questionnaires, and secondary analysis of statistical data that has been gathered for other purposes (for example, censuses or the results of social attitudes surveys). Commonly used qualitative methods include focus groups, participant observation, and other techniques.
Scientific method refers to techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning. A scientific method consists of the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.
Although procedures vary from one field of inquiry to another, identifiable features distinguish scientific inquiry from other methodologies of knowledge. Scientific researchers propose hypotheses as explanations of phenomena, and design experimentalstudies to test these hypotheses. These steps must be repeatable in order to dependably predict any future results. Theories that encompass wider domains of inquiry may bind many hypotheses together in a coherent structure. This in turn may help form new hypotheses or place groups of hypotheses into context.
Among other facets shared by the various fields of inquiry is the conviction that the process be objective to reduce a biased interpretation of the results. Another basic expectation is to document, archive and share all data and methodology so they are available for careful scrutiny by other scientists, thereby allowing other researchers the opportunity to verify results by attempting to reproduce them. This practice, called full disclosure, also allows statistical measures of the reliability of these data to be established.
Regards
arul...
From India, New Delhi
Social research refers to research conducted by social scientists (primarily within sociology and social psychology), but also within other disciplines such as social policy, human geography, political science, social anthropology and education. Sociologists and other social scientists study diverse things: from census data on hundreds of thousands of human beings, through the in-depth analysis of the life of a single important person to monitoring what is happening on a street today - or what was happening a few hundred years ago.
Social scientists use many different methods in order to describe, explore and understand social life. Social methods can generally be subdivided into two broad categories. Quantitative methods are concerned with attempts to quantify social phenomena and collect and analyse numerical data, and focus on the links among a smaller number of attributes across many cases. Qualitative methods, on the other hand, emphasise personal experiences and interpretation over quantification, are more concerned with understanding the meaning of social phenomena and focus on links among a larger number of attributes across relatively few cases. While very different in many aspects, both qualitative and quantitative approaches involve a systematic interaction between theories and data.
Common tools of quantitative researchers include surveys, questionnaires, and secondary analysis of statistical data that has been gathered for other purposes (for example, censuses or the results of social attitudes surveys). Commonly used qualitative methods include focus groups, participant observation, and other techniques.
Scientific method refers to techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning. A scientific method consists of the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.
Although procedures vary from one field of inquiry to another, identifiable features distinguish scientific inquiry from other methodologies of knowledge. Scientific researchers propose hypotheses as explanations of phenomena, and design experimentalstudies to test these hypotheses. These steps must be repeatable in order to dependably predict any future results. Theories that encompass wider domains of inquiry may bind many hypotheses together in a coherent structure. This in turn may help form new hypotheses or place groups of hypotheses into context.
Among other facets shared by the various fields of inquiry is the conviction that the process be objective to reduce a biased interpretation of the results. Another basic expectation is to document, archive and share all data and methodology so they are available for careful scrutiny by other scientists, thereby allowing other researchers the opportunity to verify results by attempting to reproduce them. This practice, called full disclosure, also allows statistical measures of the reliability of these data to be established.
Regards
arul...
From India, New Delhi
Hello Arul
What you have given above is nothing but a reproduction of what's found in Wikipedia at Social research - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It's far better to give a link rather than reproduce them. The only difference I found was that the key words underlined in your posting, are highlighted in blue in Wikipedia.
May be the attched ppt presentation will help other readers too. However, please give due acknowledgement if you use any of the information from the presentation.
Have a nice day
Simhan
From United Kingdom
What you have given above is nothing but a reproduction of what's found in Wikipedia at Social research - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It's far better to give a link rather than reproduce them. The only difference I found was that the key words underlined in your posting, are highlighted in blue in Wikipedia.
May be the attched ppt presentation will help other readers too. However, please give due acknowledgement if you use any of the information from the presentation.
Have a nice day
Simhan
From United Kingdom
Kindly follow my posts at CiteHR where I have advised students to pick a topic based on their passion and the needs of the organisation where they will conduct research. At undergraduate and MBA level, students are not required to add anything new to the knowledge bank (unlike PhDs).
From United Kingdom
From United Kingdom
Actually I am interning in a company that works in the backend of its higher order paternal comp. this higher order org. acts as a point of contact among org., their employees and service providing companies only for those being sent to US by their org. For now they have several top IT companies as their clients The services like medical, dental, EAP, etc., are too expensive in US and require an insurance to be must. So it also provides suggestions and recommendations to the employees regarding the plans suitable for them.
But m comp nly works towards data management, billing & deduction, etc. kind of backend tasks. I'm not able to decide what kind of project can I do there. Actually it's a startup 5-6 yrs old with 35 employees. Just some ideas to give it a kickstart.
From India, Delhi
But m comp nly works towards data management, billing & deduction, etc. kind of backend tasks. I'm not able to decide what kind of project can I do there. Actually it's a startup 5-6 yrs old with 35 employees. Just some ideas to give it a kickstart.
From India, Delhi
Hello Arul,
I am doing PGCHRM from XLRI where we have this subject "Social Research Methods". We have been asked to prepare "Research Proposal" related to my own domanin, which t.is recruitment. If you can please help me and suggest any topic on which Research Proposal can be made which is related to Recruitment.
Thanks
Swati
From India, Delhi
I am doing PGCHRM from XLRI where we have this subject "Social Research Methods". We have been asked to prepare "Research Proposal" related to my own domanin, which t.is recruitment. If you can please help me and suggest any topic on which Research Proposal can be made which is related to Recruitment.
Thanks
Swati
From India, Delhi
hi everybody,
good day to all.
I'm a Full time research scholar.
I want to conduct an small online survey regarding students opinion on management studies in today's condition..
how could i reach the students? is there any peculiar websites to execute this effectively..
please suggest me
From India, Gandhidham
good day to all.
I'm a Full time research scholar.
I want to conduct an small online survey regarding students opinion on management studies in today's condition..
how could i reach the students? is there any peculiar websites to execute this effectively..
please suggest me
From India, Gandhidham
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Research Methodology.pdf
Research methodology.doc