hai to all,
I would like to know about IMPRESSION MANAGMENT (Perception - organisational behaviour) and i need some valuable guidence regard this.
I am doing MBA and it comes to my seminar topic.i seen freud luthan and stebhen robbinson.i required more information
any body have a ppt or materials kindly sent to me through my email is
muralikrishnan
From India, Madras
1I would like to know about IMPRESSION MANAGMENT (Perception - organisational behaviour) and i need some valuable guidence regard this.
I am doing MBA and it comes to my seminar topic.i seen freud luthan and stebhen robbinson.i required more information
any body have a ppt or materials kindly sent to me through my email is
muralikrishnan
From India, Madras
An article by Asha Wate on Impression Management....
Though we often talk about self as one whole identity, we display multiple selves. We choose to present ourselves depending on a situation.
According to the psychologist, William James, a man generally shows a different side of himself to different groups he meets. For e.g. he would show one side of himself to his friends while showing another side of him to his kids. He keeps his self- presentation changing depending on what others expect from him.
Schlenker defined impression management as,‘ the conscious or unconscious attempt to control images that are projected in real or imaginary social interactions. When these images deal with some aspect of self, we call it self-presentation.
There are various theories of self-presentation. The theory called Symbolic Interactionism, by C.H.Cooley and G.H.Mead, stressed that participants in social interactions try to take the role of the other and see themselves as others see them. Another theory, called presentation of the self in everyday life, by Erving Goffman says that the social interaction is a theatrical performance. Every person chooses a face as a background for social interaction. Yet another theory called Situated Identities proposes that for each social setting there is a pattern of social behavior that conveys an identity particularly appropriate for that setting. All these theories agree that we present ourselves depending on the situation and other’s perception about us.
Sometimes we want to look good and sometimes we just want to maintain necessary performance so that we do not look bad. Jones and Pittman (1982) identified five tactics of self-presentation that the person may adapt. They are:
1)Ingratiation: This is a class of strategic behaviors illicitly designed to influence a particular other person concerning the attractiveness of one's personal qualities. The goal of ingratiator is being likeable. This involves complimenting another person or indulging in flattery with certain amount of credibility and honesty. It also involves conforming, another person’s view point. It has been observed that we like people who think or act like us. Thus presenting ourselves in the same way can generate favorable response from others.
2)Intimidation: In this strategy the person arouses fear among others to get the work done. He does not care about being likeable, all he wants is to control others and exercise his powers.
3)Self- promotion: This is a kind of advertising. The self-promoter wants to be seen as competent in certain areas. He may acknowledge minor flaws in his skills while emphasizing stronger points of his personality. However, if his claims do not match his abilities, then he may create a very bad impression.
4)Exemplification: In this strategy, the person tries to elicit the impression of moral worthiness and integrity while creating a feeling of guilt among others. When a person says,” I will finish this work even if I fall sick but you go and enjoy.” he is using this strategy.
5)Supplication: In this strategy the person advertises his weaknesses in order to get sympathy. The person portrays himself as helpless to get the help from others.
Although, a person may use all the five tactics on different occasions, some people specialize in one or two tactics. Sometimes they use more than one strategy to influence others. Self-presentation tactics seem to be a matter of selecting certain characteristics and omitting others rather than a deliberate deception. Some people may stick to one tactic for so long that it may become a consistent aspect of their personality.
Impression-management is neither good nor bad, it is an integral part of our social interaction and everyone gets involved in it everyday.
__________________________________________________ _________
Hope that helps a bit!
Lalita
From India, Madras
Though we often talk about self as one whole identity, we display multiple selves. We choose to present ourselves depending on a situation.
According to the psychologist, William James, a man generally shows a different side of himself to different groups he meets. For e.g. he would show one side of himself to his friends while showing another side of him to his kids. He keeps his self- presentation changing depending on what others expect from him.
Schlenker defined impression management as,‘ the conscious or unconscious attempt to control images that are projected in real or imaginary social interactions. When these images deal with some aspect of self, we call it self-presentation.
There are various theories of self-presentation. The theory called Symbolic Interactionism, by C.H.Cooley and G.H.Mead, stressed that participants in social interactions try to take the role of the other and see themselves as others see them. Another theory, called presentation of the self in everyday life, by Erving Goffman says that the social interaction is a theatrical performance. Every person chooses a face as a background for social interaction. Yet another theory called Situated Identities proposes that for each social setting there is a pattern of social behavior that conveys an identity particularly appropriate for that setting. All these theories agree that we present ourselves depending on the situation and other’s perception about us.
Sometimes we want to look good and sometimes we just want to maintain necessary performance so that we do not look bad. Jones and Pittman (1982) identified five tactics of self-presentation that the person may adapt. They are:
1)Ingratiation: This is a class of strategic behaviors illicitly designed to influence a particular other person concerning the attractiveness of one's personal qualities. The goal of ingratiator is being likeable. This involves complimenting another person or indulging in flattery with certain amount of credibility and honesty. It also involves conforming, another person’s view point. It has been observed that we like people who think or act like us. Thus presenting ourselves in the same way can generate favorable response from others.
2)Intimidation: In this strategy the person arouses fear among others to get the work done. He does not care about being likeable, all he wants is to control others and exercise his powers.
3)Self- promotion: This is a kind of advertising. The self-promoter wants to be seen as competent in certain areas. He may acknowledge minor flaws in his skills while emphasizing stronger points of his personality. However, if his claims do not match his abilities, then he may create a very bad impression.
4)Exemplification: In this strategy, the person tries to elicit the impression of moral worthiness and integrity while creating a feeling of guilt among others. When a person says,” I will finish this work even if I fall sick but you go and enjoy.” he is using this strategy.
5)Supplication: In this strategy the person advertises his weaknesses in order to get sympathy. The person portrays himself as helpless to get the help from others.
Although, a person may use all the five tactics on different occasions, some people specialize in one or two tactics. Sometimes they use more than one strategy to influence others. Self-presentation tactics seem to be a matter of selecting certain characteristics and omitting others rather than a deliberate deception. Some people may stick to one tactic for so long that it may become a consistent aspect of their personality.
Impression-management is neither good nor bad, it is an integral part of our social interaction and everyone gets involved in it everyday.
__________________________________________________ _________
Hope that helps a bit!
Lalita
From India, Madras
Thank u latita Gave me a response about impression managment.someway it helps to me for preparing my seminat topic. thank u and we will share again. murali
From India, Madras
From India, Madras
Appearing Smart: The Impression Management of Intelligence, Person Perception Accuracy, and Behavior in Social Interaction
Nora A. Murphy
Brandeis University
Intelligence is an important trait that affects everyday social interaction. The present research utilized the ecological perspective of social perception to investigate the impression management of intelligence and strangers' evaluations of targets' intelligence levels. The ability to effectively portray an impression of intelligence to outside judges as well as interaction partners was appraised and the effect of impression management on the accurate judgment of intelligence was assessed. In addition, targets' behavior was studied in relation to impression management, perceived intelligence, and actual measured intelligence. Impression-managing targets appeared more intelligent to video judges but not to their interaction partner as compared to controls. The intelligence quotient (IQ) of impression-managing targets was more accurately judged than controls' IQ. Impression-managing targets displayed distinct nonverbal behavioral patterns that differed from controls. Looking while speaking was a key behavior: It significantly correlated with IQ, was successfully manipulated by impression-managing targets, and contributed to higher perceived intelligence ratings.
Using Impression Management to Excel in Your Career | Business Etiquette - SalesVantage.com
Business Etiquette
Using Impression Management to Excel in Your Career
By Mercedes Alfaro, President, First Impression Management
Having well-rounded socializing skills are not an option, but a necessity of business life.
Wed Nov 30, 2005
Most people looking to move up the corporate ladder realize the importance of mastering job-related skills. But what they may not also know is that soft skills - the way they carry themselves, dress, interact with others - can be just as important in determining whether they will or will not be promoted, and may even be creating a negative image without their knowledge. For example, I knew two managers who were competing for the same promotion. Both were equally technically competent and mentally ready for the move. Yet, one had outstanding social skills, dressed for the position and could easily strike up a conversation with anyone. The other was sloppy in appearance, hid in a corner and had poor eye contact at social events. Guess who got the promotion?
Conversely, there are also many professionals who think that they are great at networking, making small talk, and connecting with people when in reality they exude an unprofessional image. Having well-rounded socializing skills are not an option, but a necessity of business life.
With this in mind, here are a few tips on how to improve:
Set goals. Where do you want to be in one, three and five years from now? Do you want a promotion? A new job or career? What are you willing to do to achieve them? Write them down and review them periodically to keep on track.
Take a good look at yourself or better yet, ask your mentor for feedback. Unfortunately, we never see ourselves as others do. If you are not getting the results you want, ask for feedback from others to better understand what is holding you back.
Commit to the change you want to create. To make any change in behavior you must practice the new skill repeatedly for twenty-one days. Set aside time to do this and make it a priority.
Dress appropriately. Wear clothes that fit well and are appropriate for each business occasion. Understand the difference between traditional business attire and the different levels of business casual. Wear clothes that say you are there for business and should be taken seriously. If you wear it to the beach, on a hot date, or to the park - it's not appropriate for business. With that in mind, keep mini skirts, T-shirts with slogans, overalls, low-cut tops, sandals, jean jackets, sneakers, zip-front hooded sweatshirts for your weekend or at-home wardrobe only.
Learn how to properly shake hands. Touch thumb joint to thumb joint. Make it firm - not a bone crusher or a loose fish handshake. People form an impression of you by your greeting. Make sure they've formed a good one.
Keep your body language open. In business, many professionals are not aware of how they are communicating with their body. Fidgeting or not making eye contact, will give you away. Keep a smile on your face and your body language open.
Fake it until you feel it. If you feel as if you have already achieved your goal, it will happen. Individuals that maintain an upbeat attitude portray a positive image and attract positive company.
Remember "Successful people look successful!" By remembering these points, you can help to more quickly advance your career.
From India, Bhubaneswar
Nora A. Murphy
Brandeis University
Intelligence is an important trait that affects everyday social interaction. The present research utilized the ecological perspective of social perception to investigate the impression management of intelligence and strangers' evaluations of targets' intelligence levels. The ability to effectively portray an impression of intelligence to outside judges as well as interaction partners was appraised and the effect of impression management on the accurate judgment of intelligence was assessed. In addition, targets' behavior was studied in relation to impression management, perceived intelligence, and actual measured intelligence. Impression-managing targets appeared more intelligent to video judges but not to their interaction partner as compared to controls. The intelligence quotient (IQ) of impression-managing targets was more accurately judged than controls' IQ. Impression-managing targets displayed distinct nonverbal behavioral patterns that differed from controls. Looking while speaking was a key behavior: It significantly correlated with IQ, was successfully manipulated by impression-managing targets, and contributed to higher perceived intelligence ratings.
Using Impression Management to Excel in Your Career | Business Etiquette - SalesVantage.com
Business Etiquette
Using Impression Management to Excel in Your Career
By Mercedes Alfaro, President, First Impression Management
Having well-rounded socializing skills are not an option, but a necessity of business life.
Wed Nov 30, 2005
Most people looking to move up the corporate ladder realize the importance of mastering job-related skills. But what they may not also know is that soft skills - the way they carry themselves, dress, interact with others - can be just as important in determining whether they will or will not be promoted, and may even be creating a negative image without their knowledge. For example, I knew two managers who were competing for the same promotion. Both were equally technically competent and mentally ready for the move. Yet, one had outstanding social skills, dressed for the position and could easily strike up a conversation with anyone. The other was sloppy in appearance, hid in a corner and had poor eye contact at social events. Guess who got the promotion?
Conversely, there are also many professionals who think that they are great at networking, making small talk, and connecting with people when in reality they exude an unprofessional image. Having well-rounded socializing skills are not an option, but a necessity of business life.
With this in mind, here are a few tips on how to improve:
Set goals. Where do you want to be in one, three and five years from now? Do you want a promotion? A new job or career? What are you willing to do to achieve them? Write them down and review them periodically to keep on track.
Take a good look at yourself or better yet, ask your mentor for feedback. Unfortunately, we never see ourselves as others do. If you are not getting the results you want, ask for feedback from others to better understand what is holding you back.
Commit to the change you want to create. To make any change in behavior you must practice the new skill repeatedly for twenty-one days. Set aside time to do this and make it a priority.
Dress appropriately. Wear clothes that fit well and are appropriate for each business occasion. Understand the difference between traditional business attire and the different levels of business casual. Wear clothes that say you are there for business and should be taken seriously. If you wear it to the beach, on a hot date, or to the park - it's not appropriate for business. With that in mind, keep mini skirts, T-shirts with slogans, overalls, low-cut tops, sandals, jean jackets, sneakers, zip-front hooded sweatshirts for your weekend or at-home wardrobe only.
Learn how to properly shake hands. Touch thumb joint to thumb joint. Make it firm - not a bone crusher or a loose fish handshake. People form an impression of you by your greeting. Make sure they've formed a good one.
Keep your body language open. In business, many professionals are not aware of how they are communicating with their body. Fidgeting or not making eye contact, will give you away. Keep a smile on your face and your body language open.
Fake it until you feel it. If you feel as if you have already achieved your goal, it will happen. Individuals that maintain an upbeat attitude portray a positive image and attract positive company.
Remember "Successful people look successful!" By remembering these points, you can help to more quickly advance your career.
From India, Bhubaneswar
It was intersting , but can we elaborate more on the necessity of impression management for success in our careers
From India, Gurgaon
From India, Gurgaon
Hi here is some more stuff that i agree with totally since here it talks about being yourself more than anything else....read on ......
Description
Impression management is the deliberate 'bending' of the truth in order to make a favorable impression. Managing impression includes deliberate use of any or all of:
* Dress, make-up, hairstyle and other management of visual appearance.
* Manner and general behavior, such as being pleasant, assertive, and so on.
* Managing body language to conceal anxieties or untruths and show openness, etc.
* Being economic with the truth, not telling lies but also not revealing the whole truth.
* Exaggeration or complete fabrication of things that make you look good.
* Downplaying or denial of negative factors that make you look bad.
To some extent, we are constantly managing impressions of others in most social circumstances and of course we want to look good in interviews. However there are two question that may be asked:
* The extent to which it is ethical and acceptable, both socially and for the interviewers.
* The extent to which it is effective. More impression management does not necessarily mean a better impression is gained.
Impression management not only happens, it is expected to happen. This can cause a dilemma where the interviewer either marks you down for not managing impression sufficiently (for example not being smart enough or not being assertive enough) or managing it too much (low-cut dresses, boasting, exaggeration).
A particular dilemma is where the interviewer expects a certain degree of exaggeration or fabrication and downgrades what everyone says. If you are truthful and everyone else exaggerates, then you can lose out.
So what?
Do manage the impression you make, but do not over-do it (and do not under-do it either).
* Dress tidily (eg. suit and tie) but not over-doing it (eg. bow tie, frock coat).
* Show respect, but show neither aggression nor timidity.
* Do not offer any outright lies.
* Notice your body language, but do not over-control it.
* Show your experiences in a positive light, but do not over-exaggerate.
From India, Pune
Description
Impression management is the deliberate 'bending' of the truth in order to make a favorable impression. Managing impression includes deliberate use of any or all of:
* Dress, make-up, hairstyle and other management of visual appearance.
* Manner and general behavior, such as being pleasant, assertive, and so on.
* Managing body language to conceal anxieties or untruths and show openness, etc.
* Being economic with the truth, not telling lies but also not revealing the whole truth.
* Exaggeration or complete fabrication of things that make you look good.
* Downplaying or denial of negative factors that make you look bad.
To some extent, we are constantly managing impressions of others in most social circumstances and of course we want to look good in interviews. However there are two question that may be asked:
* The extent to which it is ethical and acceptable, both socially and for the interviewers.
* The extent to which it is effective. More impression management does not necessarily mean a better impression is gained.
Impression management not only happens, it is expected to happen. This can cause a dilemma where the interviewer either marks you down for not managing impression sufficiently (for example not being smart enough or not being assertive enough) or managing it too much (low-cut dresses, boasting, exaggeration).
A particular dilemma is where the interviewer expects a certain degree of exaggeration or fabrication and downgrades what everyone says. If you are truthful and everyone else exaggerates, then you can lose out.
So what?
Do manage the impression you make, but do not over-do it (and do not under-do it either).
* Dress tidily (eg. suit and tie) but not over-doing it (eg. bow tie, frock coat).
* Show respect, but show neither aggression nor timidity.
* Do not offer any outright lies.
* Notice your body language, but do not over-control it.
* Show your experiences in a positive light, but do not over-exaggerate.
From India, Pune
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IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT.ppt
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