I have grounding presentations and articles for grounding on electrical items. Grounding regarding towers and lightning operations and grounding relating to protection on pipelines to prevent corrosion and protection. Which field do you or would you like?
TP
From Canada, Calgary
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59TP
From Canada, Calgary
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Let's talk safety when working around electricity. The key is doing the hazard assessment first. A lot of good people have been hurt by not assessing the risks.
On top of grounding and making sure items are properly connected, many places (usually in poor countries or communities) will have kids or people stealing ground rods or copper wire from sites because of the huge value on the open market. This is very common around electrical plants, power generator stations, or pipeline areas where grounding is in place to protect pipelines. When in doubt, always lock out and tag out all lines before inspecting or use the proper APPROVED METERS.
Why is it so important to work safely with or near electricity?
The electrical current in regular businesses and homes has enough power to cause death by electrocution. Even changing a light bulb without unplugging the lamp can be hazardous because coming in contact with the "hot" or live part of the socket could kill a person.
What do I need to know about electricity?
All electrical systems have the potential to cause harm. Electricity can be either "static" or "dynamic." Dynamic electricity is the uniform motion of electrons through a conductor (this is known as electric current). Conductors are materials that allow the movement of electricity through them. Most metals are conductors. This document is about dynamic electricity.
Note: Static electricity is an accumulation of charge on surfaces as a result of contact and friction with another surface. This contact/friction causes an accumulation of electrons on one surface and a deficiency of electrons on the other surface. Electric current cannot exist without an unbroken path to and from the conductor. Electricity will form a "path" or "loop." When you plug in a device (e.g., a power tool), the electricity takes the easiest path from the plug-in to the tool and back to the power source. This is also known as creating or completing an electrical circuit.
What kinds of injuries result from electrical currents?
People are injured when they become part of the electrical circuit. Humans are more conductive than the earth (the ground we stand on), which means if there is no other easy path, electricity will try to flow through our bodies.
There are four main types of injuries: electrocution (fatal), electric shock, burns, and falls. These injuries can happen in various ways:
- Direct contact with the electrical energy. When electricity travels through our bodies, it can interfere with the normal electrical signals between the brain and our muscles (e.g., the heart may stop beating properly, breathing may stop, or muscles may spasm).
- When the electricity arcs (jumps or "arcs") through a gas (such as air) to a person who is grounded (providing an alternative route to the ground for the electricity).
- Arc flashes result in intense heat (causing burns), intense light (can cause blindness), or ignition of other materials.
- Arc blasts cause the same conditions as an arc flash but are more intense and can also include a strong pressure wave. These pressure waves can damage machinery, throw a person, collapse a lung, or rupture eardrums.
- Thermal burns including flash burns from heat generated by an electric arc and flame burns from materials that catch on fire from heating or ignition by electrical currents. High voltage contact burns can burn internal tissues while leaving only very small injuries on the outside of the skin.
- Muscle contractions or a startle reaction can cause a person to fall from a ladder, scaffold, or aerial bucket. The fall can cause serious injuries.
What are some general safety tips for working with or near electricity?
- Inspect tools, power cords, and electrical fittings for damage or wear before each use. Repair or replace damaged equipment immediately.
- Always tape cords to walls or floors when necessary. Nails and staples can damage cords causing fire and shock hazards.
- Use cords or equipment that are rated for the level of amperage or wattage that you are using.
- Always use the correct size fuse. Replacing a fuse with one of a larger size can cause excessive currents in the wiring and possibly start a fire.
- Be aware that unusually warm or hot outlets may be a sign that unsafe wiring conditions exist. Unplug any cords from these outlets and do not use them until a qualified electrician has checked the wiring.
- Always use ladders made of wood or other non-conductive materials when working with or near electricity or power lines.
- Place halogen lights away from combustible materials such as clothes or curtains. Halogen lamps can become very hot and may be a fire hazard.
- The risk of electric shock is greater in areas that are wet or damp. Install Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) as they will interrupt the electrical circuit before a current sufficient to cause death or serious injury occurs.
- Make sure that exposed receptacle boxes are made of non-conductive materials.
- Know where the breakers and boxes are located in case of an emergency.
- Label all circuit breakers and fuse boxes clearly. Each switch should be positively identified as to which outlet or appliance it is for.
- Do not use outlets or cords that have exposed wiring.
- Do not use power tools with the guards removed.
- Do not block access to circuit breakers or fuse boxes.
- Do not touch a person or electrical apparatus in the event of an electrical accident. Always disconnect the current first.
What are some tips for working with power tools?
- Switch tools OFF before connecting them to a power supply.
- Disconnect power supply before making adjustments.
- Ensure tools are properly grounded or double-insulated. The grounded tool must have an approved 3-wire cord with a 3-prong plug. This plug should be plugged into a properly grounded 3-pole outlet.
- Test all tools for effective grounding with a continuity tester or a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) before use.
- Do not bypass the switch and operate the tools by connecting and disconnecting the power cord.
- Do not use electrical tools in wet conditions or damp locations unless the tool is connected to a GFCI.
- Do not clean tools with flammable or toxic solvents.
- Do not operate tools in an area containing explosive vapors or gases unless they are intrinsically safe and only if you follow the manufacturer's guidelines.
What are some tips for working with power cords?
- Keep power cords clear of tools during use.
- Suspend power cords over aisles or work areas to eliminate stumbling or tripping hazards.
- Replace open front plugs with dead front plugs. Dead front plugs are sealed and present less danger of shock or short circuit.
- Do not use light-duty power cords.
- Do not carry electrical tools by the power cord.
- Do not tie power cords in tight knots. Knots can cause short circuits and shocks. Loop the cords or use a twist lock plug.
What is a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)?
A Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) works by detecting any loss of electrical current in a circuit. When a loss is detected, the GFCI turns the electricity off before severe injuries or electrocution can occur. A painful shock may occur during the time that it takes for the GFCI to cut off the electricity, so it is important to use the GFCI as an extra protective measure rather than a replacement for safe work practices.
GFCI wall outlets can be installed in place of standard outlets to protect against electrocution for just that outlet or a series of outlets in the same branch. A GFCI Circuit Breaker can be installed on some circuit breaker electrical panels to protect an entire branch circuit. Plug-in GFCIs can be plugged into wall outlets where appliances will be used.
When and how do I test the Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)?
Test the GFCI monthly. First plug a "night light" or lamp into the GFCI-protected wall outlet (the light should be turned on), then press the "TEST" button on the GFCI. If the GFCI is working properly, the light should go out. If not, have the GFCI repaired or replaced. Reset the GFCI to restore power.
If the "RESET" button pops out but the light does not go out, the GFCI has been improperly wired and does not offer shock protection at that wall outlet. Contact a qualified electrician to correct any wiring errors.
What is a sample checklist for basic electrical safety?
Inspect Cords and Plugs
- Check power cords and plugs daily. Discard if worn or damaged. Have any cord that feels more than comfortably warm checked by an electrician.
Eliminate Octopus Connections
- Do not plug several power cords into one outlet.
- Pull the plug, not the cord.
- Do not disconnect the power supply by pulling or jerking the cord from the outlet. Pulling the cord causes wear and may cause a shock.
Never Break OFF the Third Prong on a Plug
- Replace broken 3-prong plugs and make sure the third prong is properly grounded.
Never Use Extension Cords as Permanent Wiring
- Use extension cords only to temporarily supply power to an area that does not have a power outlet.
- Keep power cords away from heat, water, and oil. They can damage the insulation and cause a shock.
- Do not allow vehicles to pass over unprotected power cords. Cords should be put in conduit or protected by placing planks alongside them.
[Link updated to site home]
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From Canada, Calgary
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On top of grounding and making sure items are properly connected, many places (usually in poor countries or communities) will have kids or people stealing ground rods or copper wire from sites because of the huge value on the open market. This is very common around electrical plants, power generator stations, or pipeline areas where grounding is in place to protect pipelines. When in doubt, always lock out and tag out all lines before inspecting or use the proper APPROVED METERS.
Why is it so important to work safely with or near electricity?
The electrical current in regular businesses and homes has enough power to cause death by electrocution. Even changing a light bulb without unplugging the lamp can be hazardous because coming in contact with the "hot" or live part of the socket could kill a person.
What do I need to know about electricity?
All electrical systems have the potential to cause harm. Electricity can be either "static" or "dynamic." Dynamic electricity is the uniform motion of electrons through a conductor (this is known as electric current). Conductors are materials that allow the movement of electricity through them. Most metals are conductors. This document is about dynamic electricity.
Note: Static electricity is an accumulation of charge on surfaces as a result of contact and friction with another surface. This contact/friction causes an accumulation of electrons on one surface and a deficiency of electrons on the other surface. Electric current cannot exist without an unbroken path to and from the conductor. Electricity will form a "path" or "loop." When you plug in a device (e.g., a power tool), the electricity takes the easiest path from the plug-in to the tool and back to the power source. This is also known as creating or completing an electrical circuit.
What kinds of injuries result from electrical currents?
People are injured when they become part of the electrical circuit. Humans are more conductive than the earth (the ground we stand on), which means if there is no other easy path, electricity will try to flow through our bodies.
There are four main types of injuries: electrocution (fatal), electric shock, burns, and falls. These injuries can happen in various ways:
- Direct contact with the electrical energy. When electricity travels through our bodies, it can interfere with the normal electrical signals between the brain and our muscles (e.g., the heart may stop beating properly, breathing may stop, or muscles may spasm).
- When the electricity arcs (jumps or "arcs") through a gas (such as air) to a person who is grounded (providing an alternative route to the ground for the electricity).
- Arc flashes result in intense heat (causing burns), intense light (can cause blindness), or ignition of other materials.
- Arc blasts cause the same conditions as an arc flash but are more intense and can also include a strong pressure wave. These pressure waves can damage machinery, throw a person, collapse a lung, or rupture eardrums.
- Thermal burns including flash burns from heat generated by an electric arc and flame burns from materials that catch on fire from heating or ignition by electrical currents. High voltage contact burns can burn internal tissues while leaving only very small injuries on the outside of the skin.
- Muscle contractions or a startle reaction can cause a person to fall from a ladder, scaffold, or aerial bucket. The fall can cause serious injuries.
What are some general safety tips for working with or near electricity?
- Inspect tools, power cords, and electrical fittings for damage or wear before each use. Repair or replace damaged equipment immediately.
- Always tape cords to walls or floors when necessary. Nails and staples can damage cords causing fire and shock hazards.
- Use cords or equipment that are rated for the level of amperage or wattage that you are using.
- Always use the correct size fuse. Replacing a fuse with one of a larger size can cause excessive currents in the wiring and possibly start a fire.
- Be aware that unusually warm or hot outlets may be a sign that unsafe wiring conditions exist. Unplug any cords from these outlets and do not use them until a qualified electrician has checked the wiring.
- Always use ladders made of wood or other non-conductive materials when working with or near electricity or power lines.
- Place halogen lights away from combustible materials such as clothes or curtains. Halogen lamps can become very hot and may be a fire hazard.
- The risk of electric shock is greater in areas that are wet or damp. Install Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCIs) as they will interrupt the electrical circuit before a current sufficient to cause death or serious injury occurs.
- Make sure that exposed receptacle boxes are made of non-conductive materials.
- Know where the breakers and boxes are located in case of an emergency.
- Label all circuit breakers and fuse boxes clearly. Each switch should be positively identified as to which outlet or appliance it is for.
- Do not use outlets or cords that have exposed wiring.
- Do not use power tools with the guards removed.
- Do not block access to circuit breakers or fuse boxes.
- Do not touch a person or electrical apparatus in the event of an electrical accident. Always disconnect the current first.
What are some tips for working with power tools?
- Switch tools OFF before connecting them to a power supply.
- Disconnect power supply before making adjustments.
- Ensure tools are properly grounded or double-insulated. The grounded tool must have an approved 3-wire cord with a 3-prong plug. This plug should be plugged into a properly grounded 3-pole outlet.
- Test all tools for effective grounding with a continuity tester or a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) before use.
- Do not bypass the switch and operate the tools by connecting and disconnecting the power cord.
- Do not use electrical tools in wet conditions or damp locations unless the tool is connected to a GFCI.
- Do not clean tools with flammable or toxic solvents.
- Do not operate tools in an area containing explosive vapors or gases unless they are intrinsically safe and only if you follow the manufacturer's guidelines.
What are some tips for working with power cords?
- Keep power cords clear of tools during use.
- Suspend power cords over aisles or work areas to eliminate stumbling or tripping hazards.
- Replace open front plugs with dead front plugs. Dead front plugs are sealed and present less danger of shock or short circuit.
- Do not use light-duty power cords.
- Do not carry electrical tools by the power cord.
- Do not tie power cords in tight knots. Knots can cause short circuits and shocks. Loop the cords or use a twist lock plug.
What is a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)?
A Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) works by detecting any loss of electrical current in a circuit. When a loss is detected, the GFCI turns the electricity off before severe injuries or electrocution can occur. A painful shock may occur during the time that it takes for the GFCI to cut off the electricity, so it is important to use the GFCI as an extra protective measure rather than a replacement for safe work practices.
GFCI wall outlets can be installed in place of standard outlets to protect against electrocution for just that outlet or a series of outlets in the same branch. A GFCI Circuit Breaker can be installed on some circuit breaker electrical panels to protect an entire branch circuit. Plug-in GFCIs can be plugged into wall outlets where appliances will be used.
When and how do I test the Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)?
Test the GFCI monthly. First plug a "night light" or lamp into the GFCI-protected wall outlet (the light should be turned on), then press the "TEST" button on the GFCI. If the GFCI is working properly, the light should go out. If not, have the GFCI repaired or replaced. Reset the GFCI to restore power.
If the "RESET" button pops out but the light does not go out, the GFCI has been improperly wired and does not offer shock protection at that wall outlet. Contact a qualified electrician to correct any wiring errors.
What is a sample checklist for basic electrical safety?
Inspect Cords and Plugs
- Check power cords and plugs daily. Discard if worn or damaged. Have any cord that feels more than comfortably warm checked by an electrician.
Eliminate Octopus Connections
- Do not plug several power cords into one outlet.
- Pull the plug, not the cord.
- Do not disconnect the power supply by pulling or jerking the cord from the outlet. Pulling the cord causes wear and may cause a shock.
Never Break OFF the Third Prong on a Plug
- Replace broken 3-prong plugs and make sure the third prong is properly grounded.
Never Use Extension Cords as Permanent Wiring
- Use extension cords only to temporarily supply power to an area that does not have a power outlet.
- Keep power cords away from heat, water, and oil. They can damage the insulation and cause a shock.
- Do not allow vehicles to pass over unprotected power cords. Cords should be put in conduit or protected by placing planks alongside them.
[Link updated to site home]
Correct Spelling and Grammar: Identified and fixed any spelling or grammatical mistakes in the text.
Handle Line Breaks:
Ensured there is a single line break between paragraphs.
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From Canada, Calgary
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Hi, Raghu,
Here is the last part of the training information you wanted for your company.
Sorry it took a while; I was out doing other stuff.
It only took me about 10 minutes to find the materials, but my library is so big, and links are in the thousands, so it takes a couple of minutes to search for the right materials.
I sure hope this helps. If not, type back again, and I will try to find better materials.
At its worst, a ground fault requires you to wait for the commercial to play before the training material.
But this is a worst-case situation when ground fault operations are destroyed or stolen.
Ground Fault Causes Electrical Fire - Video
http://wmmic.com <link updated to site home>
http://elcosh.org <link updated to site home>
http://miningquiz.com <link updated to site home>
Depending on where you live on the globe, here is a great article on grounding and wiring.
Groundloop information pages
Why is grounding used?
Terminology
In Britain, people have 'earth,' and in North America, they have 'ground.' They are exactly the same thing; only different terms are used in different countries.
Purposes of Grounding
The grounding system has three main purposes:
1. Overvoltage protection
Lightning, line surges, or unintentional contact with higher voltage lines can cause dangerously high voltages in the electrical distribution system wires. Grounding provides an alternative path around the electrical system of your home or workplace, minimizing damage from such occurrences.
2. Voltage stabilization
There are many sources of electricity. Every transformer can be considered a separate source. If there were not a common reference point for all these voltage sources, it would be extremely difficult to calculate their relationships to each other. The earth is the most omnipresent conductive surface, and so it was adopted in the very beginnings of electrical distribution systems as a nearly universal standard for all electric systems.
3. Current path to facilitate the operation of overcurrent devices
This purpose of grounding is the most important one to understand. The grounding system provides a certain level of safety to humans and property in case of equipment damages.
Grounding operation in the electrical distribution network
The primary reason why grounding is used in the electrical distribution network is safety: when all metallic parts in electrical equipment are grounded, then if the insulation inside the equipment fails, there are no dangerous voltages present in the equipment case. If the live wire touches the grounded case, then the circuit is effectively shorted, and the fuse will immediately blow. When the fuse blows, the dangerous voltages are eliminated.
The safety is the primary function of grounding. Grounding systems are designed to provide the necessary safety functions. Grounding also has other functions in some applications, but safety should not be compromised in any case. Grounding is often used to provide a common ground reference potential for all equipment, but the existing building grounding systems might not provide good enough ground potential for all equipment, which might lead to ground potential difference and ground loop problems, common problems in computer networks and audio/video systems.
How electric shock happens
The "hot" wire is at 120 volts or 230 volts (depends on the mains voltage used in your country), and the other wire is neutral or ground. If a person were to touch the neutral wire only, no shock would result simply because there is no voltage on it. If he were to touch the hot wire only, again nothing would happen to him unless some other part of his body were to become grounded. A person is considered to be grounded if he comes in contact with a water pipe, metal conduit, the neutral or ground wire, or stands barefoot on a concrete floor.
In other words, neither wire is a shock hazard unless a person is grounded, and then only the hot is a potential shock hazard. Of course, if a person were to touch both wires at the same time, he would be shocked simply because his body is completing connection between "hot" and "ground" wires.
Grounding and interference susceptibility
Whenever audio equipment is operated without a ground (floating chassis), strange things can happen. Under certain conditions, the amplifier will be more susceptible to radio frequency interference (picking up radio stations or CB radio). Also, without a suitable ground, amplifiers sometimes "hum" more when the musician picks up his instrument and provides a "pseudo" ground through himself.
The only solution is to find a ground point to connect to the chassis. Sometimes this may just cause more problems than it helps.
Grounding in wiring
Today's modern (US) mains cable consists of three separate wires: black, white, and green. The green wire is always connected to the large ground pin on the plug, and the other (green) end connected to the chassis of the equipment. The black wire is always considered to be the "hot wire," and as such, is always the leg that is connected to the switch and fuse. The white wire is always the neutral or common wire.
European coloring is a little bit different. The ground wire is here a green wire with a yellow stripe. The neutral wire is blue. The live wire is brown (additional colors for the live wires used in 3-phase systems are black and black with a white stripe).
Any modification of the above 3-wire mains system completely eliminates the protection given by the three-wire configuration. The integrity of the separate ground path is also directly related to the quality of the receptacle and the wiring system in the building itself.
The neutral (grounded conductor) must be solidly connected (bonded) to the home's ground system at the first disconnect (main panel). This keeps large voltage differences from developing between the neutral and ground.
Currents in grounding wire
Ground wires should not carry current except during faults. If the ground wire carries any current, there will be a potential difference between different grounding points (because the current flowing in the wire causes a voltage drop due to wire resistance). This is why a common wire that works as neutral and grounding wire is a very bad thing.
When there is separate wiring for grounding, you can't completely avoid the current flowing in grounding wires! There will always be some capacitive leakage current from the live wire to the ground wire. This capacitive leakage current is caused by the fact that the wiring, transformers, and interference filters all have some capacitance between the ground and live wire. The amount of current is limited to be quite low (limited to be between 0.6 mA to 10 mA, depending on equipment type) so it does not cause dangers and big problems. Because of this leakage current, there is always some current flowing in the ground wire, and the ground potentials of different electrical power outlets are never equal.
The leakage current can also cause other types of problems. In some situations, there are ground fault detect interrupter (GFCI) circuits in use; the leakage current caused by many equipment together can make the GFCI cut the current. Typically, GFCI circuits are designed to cut current when there is a 30 mA or more difference in currents flowing in live and neutral wires (the difference of those currents must flow to the ground). Some GFCI circuits can cut the mains feed even at 15 mA leakage current, which may mean that if you connect many computer equipment (each of them having 0.5 to 2 mA of leakage) to a GFCI-protected power outlet, you can cause the GFCI to cut the power feed.
Ground wire resistance
In Europe, it is not important how many ohms the grounding is, but the maximum current before the unit switches off is important. So a grounding of 230 volts and a safety of 24 volts. We say it must be less than 30 mA in our body. So for 16 amps and 24 volts, it is 1.5 ohms. This means that the maximum voltage on the case is 24 volts even when all current is flowing through the grounding wire. In places where even this 24V is considered very dangerous (for example, in hospitals), the ground resistance must be made lower to ensure that there is never dangerous voltage present in the case. For example, in Finland, the grounding resistance for medical room outlets must be less than 0.2 ohms to be considered safe.
The above is the objective, and all the fluff around it is just to make it difficult. Ground means something connected to the surrounding, and it must be less than x ohms measured with AC, and the wire must handle the short-circuit current present in the circuit without overheating.
A great site about electricity and grounding needs
Electrical Safety
and a great paper on electrical grounding outside
http://www.usbr.gov/ssle/safety/RSHS/appC.pdf
and more training for construction sites and safety
http://www.freeoshainfo.com/pubpages/Files/Electrical/ElectricaPPTConstruction.ppt
http://www.isrisafety.org/assets/files/presentations/70E%20ELECTRICAL%20SAFETY.ppt
http://www.miningelectrical.org/Files/GOOD%20GROUNDING%20PRACTICES.ppt
I hope this helps with the training materials you were looking for. Let me know if you need any more information.
From Canada, Calgary
Acknowledge(0)Amend(0)
Here is the last part of the training information you wanted for your company.
Sorry it took a while; I was out doing other stuff.
It only took me about 10 minutes to find the materials, but my library is so big, and links are in the thousands, so it takes a couple of minutes to search for the right materials.
I sure hope this helps. If not, type back again, and I will try to find better materials.
At its worst, a ground fault requires you to wait for the commercial to play before the training material.
But this is a worst-case situation when ground fault operations are destroyed or stolen.
Ground Fault Causes Electrical Fire - Video
http://wmmic.com <link updated to site home>
http://elcosh.org <link updated to site home>
http://miningquiz.com <link updated to site home>
Depending on where you live on the globe, here is a great article on grounding and wiring.
Groundloop information pages
Why is grounding used?
Terminology
In Britain, people have 'earth,' and in North America, they have 'ground.' They are exactly the same thing; only different terms are used in different countries.
Purposes of Grounding
The grounding system has three main purposes:
1. Overvoltage protection
Lightning, line surges, or unintentional contact with higher voltage lines can cause dangerously high voltages in the electrical distribution system wires. Grounding provides an alternative path around the electrical system of your home or workplace, minimizing damage from such occurrences.
2. Voltage stabilization
There are many sources of electricity. Every transformer can be considered a separate source. If there were not a common reference point for all these voltage sources, it would be extremely difficult to calculate their relationships to each other. The earth is the most omnipresent conductive surface, and so it was adopted in the very beginnings of electrical distribution systems as a nearly universal standard for all electric systems.
3. Current path to facilitate the operation of overcurrent devices
This purpose of grounding is the most important one to understand. The grounding system provides a certain level of safety to humans and property in case of equipment damages.
Grounding operation in the electrical distribution network
The primary reason why grounding is used in the electrical distribution network is safety: when all metallic parts in electrical equipment are grounded, then if the insulation inside the equipment fails, there are no dangerous voltages present in the equipment case. If the live wire touches the grounded case, then the circuit is effectively shorted, and the fuse will immediately blow. When the fuse blows, the dangerous voltages are eliminated.
The safety is the primary function of grounding. Grounding systems are designed to provide the necessary safety functions. Grounding also has other functions in some applications, but safety should not be compromised in any case. Grounding is often used to provide a common ground reference potential for all equipment, but the existing building grounding systems might not provide good enough ground potential for all equipment, which might lead to ground potential difference and ground loop problems, common problems in computer networks and audio/video systems.
How electric shock happens
The "hot" wire is at 120 volts or 230 volts (depends on the mains voltage used in your country), and the other wire is neutral or ground. If a person were to touch the neutral wire only, no shock would result simply because there is no voltage on it. If he were to touch the hot wire only, again nothing would happen to him unless some other part of his body were to become grounded. A person is considered to be grounded if he comes in contact with a water pipe, metal conduit, the neutral or ground wire, or stands barefoot on a concrete floor.
In other words, neither wire is a shock hazard unless a person is grounded, and then only the hot is a potential shock hazard. Of course, if a person were to touch both wires at the same time, he would be shocked simply because his body is completing connection between "hot" and "ground" wires.
Grounding and interference susceptibility
Whenever audio equipment is operated without a ground (floating chassis), strange things can happen. Under certain conditions, the amplifier will be more susceptible to radio frequency interference (picking up radio stations or CB radio). Also, without a suitable ground, amplifiers sometimes "hum" more when the musician picks up his instrument and provides a "pseudo" ground through himself.
The only solution is to find a ground point to connect to the chassis. Sometimes this may just cause more problems than it helps.
Grounding in wiring
Today's modern (US) mains cable consists of three separate wires: black, white, and green. The green wire is always connected to the large ground pin on the plug, and the other (green) end connected to the chassis of the equipment. The black wire is always considered to be the "hot wire," and as such, is always the leg that is connected to the switch and fuse. The white wire is always the neutral or common wire.
European coloring is a little bit different. The ground wire is here a green wire with a yellow stripe. The neutral wire is blue. The live wire is brown (additional colors for the live wires used in 3-phase systems are black and black with a white stripe).
Any modification of the above 3-wire mains system completely eliminates the protection given by the three-wire configuration. The integrity of the separate ground path is also directly related to the quality of the receptacle and the wiring system in the building itself.
The neutral (grounded conductor) must be solidly connected (bonded) to the home's ground system at the first disconnect (main panel). This keeps large voltage differences from developing between the neutral and ground.
Currents in grounding wire
Ground wires should not carry current except during faults. If the ground wire carries any current, there will be a potential difference between different grounding points (because the current flowing in the wire causes a voltage drop due to wire resistance). This is why a common wire that works as neutral and grounding wire is a very bad thing.
When there is separate wiring for grounding, you can't completely avoid the current flowing in grounding wires! There will always be some capacitive leakage current from the live wire to the ground wire. This capacitive leakage current is caused by the fact that the wiring, transformers, and interference filters all have some capacitance between the ground and live wire. The amount of current is limited to be quite low (limited to be between 0.6 mA to 10 mA, depending on equipment type) so it does not cause dangers and big problems. Because of this leakage current, there is always some current flowing in the ground wire, and the ground potentials of different electrical power outlets are never equal.
The leakage current can also cause other types of problems. In some situations, there are ground fault detect interrupter (GFCI) circuits in use; the leakage current caused by many equipment together can make the GFCI cut the current. Typically, GFCI circuits are designed to cut current when there is a 30 mA or more difference in currents flowing in live and neutral wires (the difference of those currents must flow to the ground). Some GFCI circuits can cut the mains feed even at 15 mA leakage current, which may mean that if you connect many computer equipment (each of them having 0.5 to 2 mA of leakage) to a GFCI-protected power outlet, you can cause the GFCI to cut the power feed.
Ground wire resistance
In Europe, it is not important how many ohms the grounding is, but the maximum current before the unit switches off is important. So a grounding of 230 volts and a safety of 24 volts. We say it must be less than 30 mA in our body. So for 16 amps and 24 volts, it is 1.5 ohms. This means that the maximum voltage on the case is 24 volts even when all current is flowing through the grounding wire. In places where even this 24V is considered very dangerous (for example, in hospitals), the ground resistance must be made lower to ensure that there is never dangerous voltage present in the case. For example, in Finland, the grounding resistance for medical room outlets must be less than 0.2 ohms to be considered safe.
The above is the objective, and all the fluff around it is just to make it difficult. Ground means something connected to the surrounding, and it must be less than x ohms measured with AC, and the wire must handle the short-circuit current present in the circuit without overheating.
A great site about electricity and grounding needs
Electrical Safety
and a great paper on electrical grounding outside
http://www.usbr.gov/ssle/safety/RSHS/appC.pdf
and more training for construction sites and safety
http://www.freeoshainfo.com/pubpages/Files/Electrical/ElectricaPPTConstruction.ppt
http://www.isrisafety.org/assets/files/presentations/70E%20ELECTRICAL%20SAFETY.ppt
http://www.miningelectrical.org/Files/GOOD%20GROUNDING%20PRACTICES.ppt
I hope this helps with the training materials you were looking for. Let me know if you need any more information.
From Canada, Calgary
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Dear Penney, Great/Good write up sir. . .Thanks a lot for sharing such a wonderful ppt & links against grounding its full fill my query.Again thanks for quick responce. . . Keep on sharing. . .
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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You are quite welcome, my friend.
In Canada, I just assumed if you typed and asked, it was important for me or someone in the group to answer as soon as possible.
Secondly, count in management operations, and yes, it takes time to train, but somehow management just wants it done in the quickest route possible.
So, the ball is in your court for safety now and your workers.
Good Luck,
TP
From Canada, Calgary
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In Canada, I just assumed if you typed and asked, it was important for me or someone in the group to answer as soon as possible.
Secondly, count in management operations, and yes, it takes time to train, but somehow management just wants it done in the quickest route possible.
So, the ball is in your court for safety now and your workers.
Good Luck,
TP
From Canada, Calgary
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We all know to do the hazard assessment for the job and JSA, but it's hard sometimes to sit in an office and see the risk of injuries and how they impact the human body.
Well, here is a site that does it for you. Do the risk assessment. These guys and gals are great at doing the risk assessment on the safety risks to workers and injuries: [Construction Solutions](http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/index.php).
I know us long-winded Canadian boys always want people to live long lives and stay safe and injury-free. Silly Canucks.
From Canada, Calgary
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Well, here is a site that does it for you. Do the risk assessment. These guys and gals are great at doing the risk assessment on the safety risks to workers and injuries: [Construction Solutions](http://www.cpwrconstructionsolutions.org/index.php).
I know us long-winded Canadian boys always want people to live long lives and stay safe and injury-free. Silly Canucks.
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-[Response] The information shared about risk assessment and safety in the workplace is relevant and valuable for ensuring worker well-being and compliance. (1 Acknowledge point)
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Dear Penney,
I must appreciate your sharing mentality. Just now, I was reading/seeing your PPTs; it's all really helpful to me. I am sure that if I prepare my own, it will surely take at least 20 days, but I got all this in an hour.
Even many of our colleagues, especially EHS professionals, are not ready to share their expertise with words (even my close friends/seniors). But you are... "no words to say."
You are truly great, and we need your contribution forever. Please continue to guide/advise us. Always share your expertise with us.
Thank you.
Best regards,
[Your Name]
From United States, Fpo
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I must appreciate your sharing mentality. Just now, I was reading/seeing your PPTs; it's all really helpful to me. I am sure that if I prepare my own, it will surely take at least 20 days, but I got all this in an hour.
Even many of our colleagues, especially EHS professionals, are not ready to share their expertise with words (even my close friends/seniors). But you are... "no words to say."
You are truly great, and we need your contribution forever. Please continue to guide/advise us. Always share your expertise with us.
Thank you.
Best regards,
[Your Name]
From United States, Fpo
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It is no surprise to any of you that I am a former Police Officer turned safety professional. I've seen thousands of injured people from a variety of accidents.
Think really hard about the attached video and message. Are you the cause of someone's death? Are you the last words in a death sentence?
[YouTube - AT&T Don't Text While Driving Documentary](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DebhWD6ljZs)
From Canada, Calgary
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Think really hard about the attached video and message. Are you the cause of someone's death? Are you the last words in a death sentence?
[YouTube - AT&T Don't Text While Driving Documentary](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DebhWD6ljZs)
From Canada, Calgary
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dear all, i am busy with my MBA and OHSAS, EMS auditor programs... will catch u all from Jan 25thhh... till then keep sharing.... Regards, Firoz
From India, Bangalore
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From India, Bangalore
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Dear Penney, Thanks again!!!!!!!!! Dear Firoz, Thanks for your information all the best. . . Dear all, Another one from myside — -Safety at Work — -. . .
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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Some times we forget what we are using at work
Corrosives are so commonly used in industry that, like many hazardous materials, they often aren't given much thought. Knowing their properties helps ensure that they are handled and stored safely, minimizing the potential for harm to personnel and the environment.
The Scale
The activity, or "power," of hydrogen ions in a solution is what is commonly referred to as pH. The pH of a liquid is gauged on a scale of 1 to 14, with a pH of 1 being very acidic, 7 being neutral and 14 being very caustic.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines a corrosive liquid as an aqueous solution with a pH less than or equal to two, or greater than or equal to 12.5; or a liquid that corrodes steel at a rate greater than 6.35 mm per year at 130°F. (40 CFR 261.22)
It is important, however, to look at all of the characteristics of a material when making a hazard determination and creating safety plans. For example, carbonated colas typically have a pH of 2.5. A 35% hydrogen peroxide solution has a pH of 3.5. Although the peroxide solution has a pH closer to neutral, it is likely to cause greater damage if it is not stored and handled properly.
Everyday Use
Batteries, bleach, and even fruit juices are examples of corrosive materials commonly found in homes, and often without incident. In commercial and industrial facilities, two examples of corrosive materials are etching solutions and water treatment chemicals. Listed below are more corrosives and their everyday uses.
Common Acids
Common Uses
Hydrochloric Acid
Phosphoric Acid
Sulfuric Acid
Water treatment, etching, metal cleaning
Rust-proofing metals, soft drink manufacturing
Batteries, electroplating
Common Bases
Common Uses
Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Hypochlorite
Fire extinguishers, antacids, pharmaceuticals
Water treatment, etching and electroplating
Disinfecting, water purification
Safety
Knowing the properties of a solution, including the pH, helps determine what precautions will be necessary to protect employees from harm. This goes beyond gloves and goggles, however — safety training should include proper storage and handling as well as emergency response procedures and proper disposal of spent materials.
Because corrosive materials can harm both workers and the environment, both the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and EPA have regulations requiring preparedness and training.
OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) requires employers to evaluate workplace hazards and develop plans and procedures to protect employees from those hazards.
Information about the proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and handling of a liquid can be found on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Other resources are the chemical manufacturer and safety suppliers. Some chemicals and processes are also subject to additional OSHA regulations to further ensure safety.
The EPA governs air, water and land resources; therefore several environmental regulations may apply to the material.
Storage
Proper storage involves not only checking containers to make sure there aren't any leaks, but also making sure that they are not placed in areas where they could come in contact with other chemicals that will cause an adverse reaction.
Although most facilities don't have the luxury of unlimited storage space, "making room" to store incompatible materials in separate areas can help avoid problems later. Training material handling personnel on why it is important to take the time to put materials in designated areas will also help ensure safety.
Spill containment pallets are another option to aid in storage. In the event of a leak while containers are in storage, the spill will be contained in the sump of the pallet, avoiding slip and fall hazards, costly fines if the material enters a drain, and possible chemical reactions with other materials in the area.
Handling
Transferring corrosive materials for use in various processes is a common cause of injury and spills. During transfer, fittings sometimes come loose, and hand pumps are notorious for consistent small drips.
Storing eyewash stations and drench showers, can also provide quick help for employees who may become injured by corrosives.
Battery recharging stations are another common area where corrosive liquids are handled. Stocking PPE, having a drench shower and stocking spill response materials in this area will also help increase safety and help comply with OSHA battery charging station regulations [29 CFR 1910.178(g)].
Double Checking
When hazardous materials are handled on a daily basis, it is sometimes easy to forget their hazards. Revisiting safety guidelines and double checking storage and handling procedures can help ensure that everyone stays safe.
From Canada, Calgary
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Corrosives are so commonly used in industry that, like many hazardous materials, they often aren't given much thought. Knowing their properties helps ensure that they are handled and stored safely, minimizing the potential for harm to personnel and the environment.
The Scale
The activity, or "power," of hydrogen ions in a solution is what is commonly referred to as pH. The pH of a liquid is gauged on a scale of 1 to 14, with a pH of 1 being very acidic, 7 being neutral and 14 being very caustic.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines a corrosive liquid as an aqueous solution with a pH less than or equal to two, or greater than or equal to 12.5; or a liquid that corrodes steel at a rate greater than 6.35 mm per year at 130°F. (40 CFR 261.22)
It is important, however, to look at all of the characteristics of a material when making a hazard determination and creating safety plans. For example, carbonated colas typically have a pH of 2.5. A 35% hydrogen peroxide solution has a pH of 3.5. Although the peroxide solution has a pH closer to neutral, it is likely to cause greater damage if it is not stored and handled properly.
Everyday Use
Batteries, bleach, and even fruit juices are examples of corrosive materials commonly found in homes, and often without incident. In commercial and industrial facilities, two examples of corrosive materials are etching solutions and water treatment chemicals. Listed below are more corrosives and their everyday uses.
Common Acids
Common Uses
Hydrochloric Acid
Phosphoric Acid
Sulfuric Acid
Water treatment, etching, metal cleaning
Rust-proofing metals, soft drink manufacturing
Batteries, electroplating
Common Bases
Common Uses
Sodium Bicarbonate
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Hypochlorite
Fire extinguishers, antacids, pharmaceuticals
Water treatment, etching and electroplating
Disinfecting, water purification
Safety
Knowing the properties of a solution, including the pH, helps determine what precautions will be necessary to protect employees from harm. This goes beyond gloves and goggles, however — safety training should include proper storage and handling as well as emergency response procedures and proper disposal of spent materials.
Because corrosive materials can harm both workers and the environment, both the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and EPA have regulations requiring preparedness and training.
OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) requires employers to evaluate workplace hazards and develop plans and procedures to protect employees from those hazards.
Information about the proper personal protective equipment (PPE) and handling of a liquid can be found on the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Other resources are the chemical manufacturer and safety suppliers. Some chemicals and processes are also subject to additional OSHA regulations to further ensure safety.
The EPA governs air, water and land resources; therefore several environmental regulations may apply to the material.
Storage
Proper storage involves not only checking containers to make sure there aren't any leaks, but also making sure that they are not placed in areas where they could come in contact with other chemicals that will cause an adverse reaction.
Although most facilities don't have the luxury of unlimited storage space, "making room" to store incompatible materials in separate areas can help avoid problems later. Training material handling personnel on why it is important to take the time to put materials in designated areas will also help ensure safety.
Spill containment pallets are another option to aid in storage. In the event of a leak while containers are in storage, the spill will be contained in the sump of the pallet, avoiding slip and fall hazards, costly fines if the material enters a drain, and possible chemical reactions with other materials in the area.
Handling
Transferring corrosive materials for use in various processes is a common cause of injury and spills. During transfer, fittings sometimes come loose, and hand pumps are notorious for consistent small drips.
Storing eyewash stations and drench showers, can also provide quick help for employees who may become injured by corrosives.
Battery recharging stations are another common area where corrosive liquids are handled. Stocking PPE, having a drench shower and stocking spill response materials in this area will also help increase safety and help comply with OSHA battery charging station regulations [29 CFR 1910.178(g)].
Double Checking
When hazardous materials are handled on a daily basis, it is sometimes easy to forget their hazards. Revisiting safety guidelines and double checking storage and handling procedures can help ensure that everyone stays safe.
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-The user reply provides accurate information regarding the properties of corrosive materials, their common uses, safety precautions, storage, handling, and regulatory requirements from OSHA and EPA. The details align with best practices and relevant regulations. (1 Acknowledge point)
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Great tan line - could it be a skin disease?
Are your workers at risk? Read on.
Working in construction can be hazardous to your skin. Construction materials, as well as outdoor conditions, take their toll. Problems range from irritations to skin cancer.
Some construction materials can cause serious health problems. They can produce allergic reactions, create skin irritations that become life-threatening, produce burns that can put you in the hospital, or seep through your skin and make you sick.
For some people, reactions to even the smallest amount of materials can be so severe that they need to change careers.
Harmful Agents
Certain construction materials produce skin irritations called contact dermatitis. Symptoms include red, itchy, scaly skin or painful burns, ulcers, and rashes like acne. Some materials that can hurt your skin include:
- Wet cement
- Some cement dusts
- Lime
- Metalworking fluids
- Some paints
- Adhesives
- Epoxy resins
- Alcohols
- Toluene
- Turpentine
- Xylene
Also, pitch and coal tar can cause skin cancer.
What You Can Do
Simply washing your hands is not enough. Caution must be used if you work with hazardous construction materials. You should clean your skin with a mild, non-abrasive soap. Don't use solvents such as alcohol, mineral spirits, turpentine, and limonene. Solvents can irritate your skin and make you sick. It is much healthier to use mineral oil or vegetable oil in combination with soap and water. Use a liquid soap instead of a bar.
When working with caustic materials, such as lime or wet cement, use a pH-neutral soap. You can actually hurt your hands if you use a harsher soap.
Healthy Hand Tips
Use the following general precautions to protect your hands:
- After work, wash with soap, rinse with water, and dry your hands with a clean cloth or paper towel.
- Follow the initial cleaning with mineral oil, petroleum jelly, or oil-based lotions, but avoid lotions that have lanolin, limonene (citrus solvent), or perfumes.
- When using work gloves, make sure your hands and the insides of the gloves are clean and dry before you put them on. (If your hands have any of the harsh materials on them when you put on gloves, you can make your skin problems worse.)
- Always use the right gloves for the job. Some gloves will not protect you from some of the materials or protect you for a whole work shift.
- See a doctor if you develop a skin problem that won't go away.
Working Outdoors
Before working outdoors, always apply sunscreen to the skin areas that will be exposed during your work shift, even if you have dark skin. Make sure your hands and skin are clean before you put on sunscreen.
Also, wear a long-sleeved shirt. This will not only protect your skin from sunburn but also protect against harmful materials.
Caring for Your Clothes
Try not to get your clothes wet with cement or other harsh materials. When you work with hot asphalt, do not wear synthetic materials like polyesters or nylon -- they will melt and burn the skin if they touch the asphalt.
At home, don't wash your work clothes with any non-work clothes. If you do, you risk exposing your good clothes and your family's clothes to the harmful materials.
From Canada, Calgary
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Are your workers at risk? Read on.
Working in construction can be hazardous to your skin. Construction materials, as well as outdoor conditions, take their toll. Problems range from irritations to skin cancer.
Some construction materials can cause serious health problems. They can produce allergic reactions, create skin irritations that become life-threatening, produce burns that can put you in the hospital, or seep through your skin and make you sick.
For some people, reactions to even the smallest amount of materials can be so severe that they need to change careers.
Harmful Agents
Certain construction materials produce skin irritations called contact dermatitis. Symptoms include red, itchy, scaly skin or painful burns, ulcers, and rashes like acne. Some materials that can hurt your skin include:
- Wet cement
- Some cement dusts
- Lime
- Metalworking fluids
- Some paints
- Adhesives
- Epoxy resins
- Alcohols
- Toluene
- Turpentine
- Xylene
Also, pitch and coal tar can cause skin cancer.
What You Can Do
Simply washing your hands is not enough. Caution must be used if you work with hazardous construction materials. You should clean your skin with a mild, non-abrasive soap. Don't use solvents such as alcohol, mineral spirits, turpentine, and limonene. Solvents can irritate your skin and make you sick. It is much healthier to use mineral oil or vegetable oil in combination with soap and water. Use a liquid soap instead of a bar.
When working with caustic materials, such as lime or wet cement, use a pH-neutral soap. You can actually hurt your hands if you use a harsher soap.
Healthy Hand Tips
Use the following general precautions to protect your hands:
- After work, wash with soap, rinse with water, and dry your hands with a clean cloth or paper towel.
- Follow the initial cleaning with mineral oil, petroleum jelly, or oil-based lotions, but avoid lotions that have lanolin, limonene (citrus solvent), or perfumes.
- When using work gloves, make sure your hands and the insides of the gloves are clean and dry before you put them on. (If your hands have any of the harsh materials on them when you put on gloves, you can make your skin problems worse.)
- Always use the right gloves for the job. Some gloves will not protect you from some of the materials or protect you for a whole work shift.
- See a doctor if you develop a skin problem that won't go away.
Working Outdoors
Before working outdoors, always apply sunscreen to the skin areas that will be exposed during your work shift, even if you have dark skin. Make sure your hands and skin are clean before you put on sunscreen.
Also, wear a long-sleeved shirt. This will not only protect your skin from sunburn but also protect against harmful materials.
Caring for Your Clothes
Try not to get your clothes wet with cement or other harsh materials. When you work with hot asphalt, do not wear synthetic materials like polyesters or nylon -- they will melt and burn the skin if they touch the asphalt.
At home, don't wash your work clothes with any non-work clothes. If you do, you risk exposing your good clothes and your family's clothes to the harmful materials.
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-The user's reply provides accurate and insightful information regarding the hazards to the skin faced by workers in the construction industry, detailing the harmful effects of various construction materials and providing practical tips for skin protection. The reply aligns well with the concerns raised in the original post about safety in the workplace. (1 Acknowledge point)
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A little first aid in 2011 goes a long way.
Adult, Child & Infant CPR step sequence for CPR-trained "bystander" rescuers will change from "A-B-C" (Airway, Breathing, Chest compressions) to "C-A-B" (Chest compressions, Airway, Breathing) for adults and pediatric patients (children and infants, excluding newborns). American CPR has implemented C.A.R.E. CPR™ as shown below - easier to learn & remember!
Defibrillation and use of AEDs remain a vital part of the life-saving sequence.
Also applies to Advanced/Healthcare CPR.
Bystander / One rescuer Adult, Child & Infant CPR will no longer include the step to "Look, Listen and Feel."
Also applies to Advanced/Healthcare CPR.
A compression rate of 100+ per minute.
Also applies to Advanced/Healthcare CPR.
Adult chest compression depth: push down on the adult breastbone at least 2 inches (5 cm).
Also applies to Advanced/Healthcare CPR.
"Don't Stress... Compress!"™
All trained rescuers should provide chest compressions for victims of cardiac arrest. In addition, if the trained rescuer is able to perform rescue breaths, compressions and breaths should be provided in a ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breaths, averaging 100+ compressions per minute.
But... If a trained rescuer cannot perform the rescue breaths, or a bystander is not trained in CPR, the bystander should provide compression-only CPR for the adult victim who suddenly collapses, with 100+ rapid and firm compressions in the center of the chest.
Whenever available, follow the directions of the EMS/911 dispatcher.
As always, a rescuer should relinquish care to any better prepared or trained rescuer, while remaining to assist and assure quality of care.
C.A.R.E. CPR™ explains in easy-to-understand terms the most current 2010 CPR Guideline Updates.
C.A.R.E.™ stands for Compress, Airway, Rescue breathing, External defibrillation. American CPR training is way ahead of other national safety organizations in including these updated guidelines in both our instruction and our class materials.
In the updated C.A.R.E. CPR™ sequence, chest compressions come first, and rescue breathing is only slightly delayed for trained bystanders. While most instructors will continue to teach full CPR, including the rescue breaths which help supply oxygen to the blood, "Compression-Only" CPR will be covered as well, to address the participants' right to know the most current information.
From Canada, Calgary
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Adult, Child & Infant CPR step sequence for CPR-trained "bystander" rescuers will change from "A-B-C" (Airway, Breathing, Chest compressions) to "C-A-B" (Chest compressions, Airway, Breathing) for adults and pediatric patients (children and infants, excluding newborns). American CPR has implemented C.A.R.E. CPR™ as shown below - easier to learn & remember!
Defibrillation and use of AEDs remain a vital part of the life-saving sequence.
Also applies to Advanced/Healthcare CPR.
Bystander / One rescuer Adult, Child & Infant CPR will no longer include the step to "Look, Listen and Feel."
Also applies to Advanced/Healthcare CPR.
A compression rate of 100+ per minute.
Also applies to Advanced/Healthcare CPR.
Adult chest compression depth: push down on the adult breastbone at least 2 inches (5 cm).
Also applies to Advanced/Healthcare CPR.
"Don't Stress... Compress!"™
All trained rescuers should provide chest compressions for victims of cardiac arrest. In addition, if the trained rescuer is able to perform rescue breaths, compressions and breaths should be provided in a ratio of 30 compressions to 2 breaths, averaging 100+ compressions per minute.
But... If a trained rescuer cannot perform the rescue breaths, or a bystander is not trained in CPR, the bystander should provide compression-only CPR for the adult victim who suddenly collapses, with 100+ rapid and firm compressions in the center of the chest.
Whenever available, follow the directions of the EMS/911 dispatcher.
As always, a rescuer should relinquish care to any better prepared or trained rescuer, while remaining to assist and assure quality of care.
C.A.R.E. CPR™ explains in easy-to-understand terms the most current 2010 CPR Guideline Updates.
C.A.R.E.™ stands for Compress, Airway, Rescue breathing, External defibrillation. American CPR training is way ahead of other national safety organizations in including these updated guidelines in both our instruction and our class materials.
In the updated C.A.R.E. CPR™ sequence, chest compressions come first, and rescue breathing is only slightly delayed for trained bystanders. While most instructors will continue to teach full CPR, including the rescue breaths which help supply oxygen to the blood, "Compression-Only" CPR will be covered as well, to address the participants' right to know the most current information.
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-[response] The information provided in the user reply regarding CPR sequence and guidelines is accurate and aligns with the latest CPR protocols and guidelines. (1 Acknowledge point)
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Dear sir,
Thanks for your CPR update.I dont have a time to reading this update will take print out view in my room then put my commands. . .
Very Thanks for your useful update. . .
Keep on touch. . .
From United States, Fpo
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Thanks for your CPR update.I dont have a time to reading this update will take print out view in my room then put my commands. . .
Very Thanks for your useful update. . .
Keep on touch. . .
From United States, Fpo
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(Fact Checked)-[response] The user reply contains detailed and accurate information on CPR updates and techniques. Great job! Keep up the good work. (1 Acknowledge point)
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Why didn't he hear what the supervisor said? Simple, he couldn't - he was deaf from long-term hearing loss on the jobsite.
The results of audiometric tests are an important part of efforts to conserve and protect workers' hearing. These tests check a worker's hearing ability from year to year, allowing for the identification and proper handling of hearing loss. It is crucial to have all affected employees' hearing tested periodically, especially when they are transferred to a noisy work environment or exposed to noise levels that may endanger their hearing.
Engineering Controls Can Help
When the noise level in a work area is too high, actions must be taken to reduce it. These steps might include:
- Placing noisy machinery in a separate area away from as many workers as possible.
- Placing machinery on rubber mountings to reduce vibration.
- Using sound-absorbing acoustical tiles and blankets on floors, walls, and ceilings.
- Arranging work schedules to minimize the time each worker spends in a noisy area.
Choosing the Right Hearing Protection
When engineering controls are insufficient to reduce hazards, 29 CFR 1910.95(i) mandates employers to provide hearing protection to all employees exposed to an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels or greater. There are several types of hearing protection that can be utilized, including:
- Expandable foam plugs - made of a formable material designed to expand and conform to the shape of each person's ear canal.
- Pre-molded, reusable plugs - made from silicone, plastic, or rubber and are manufactured as either "one-size-fits-most" or available in several sizes.
- Canal caps - often resembling earplugs on a flexible plastic or metal band for quick insertion or removal.
- Earmuffs - block out noise by completely covering the outer ear and come in various models to fit most people.
Unfortunately, some equipment like saws and punch presses cannot be made quieter, so it's the employer's responsibility to evaluate working conditions, take necessary steps to reduce noise levels, and provide proper hearing protection when needed.
From Canada, Calgary
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The results of audiometric tests are an important part of efforts to conserve and protect workers' hearing. These tests check a worker's hearing ability from year to year, allowing for the identification and proper handling of hearing loss. It is crucial to have all affected employees' hearing tested periodically, especially when they are transferred to a noisy work environment or exposed to noise levels that may endanger their hearing.
Engineering Controls Can Help
When the noise level in a work area is too high, actions must be taken to reduce it. These steps might include:
- Placing noisy machinery in a separate area away from as many workers as possible.
- Placing machinery on rubber mountings to reduce vibration.
- Using sound-absorbing acoustical tiles and blankets on floors, walls, and ceilings.
- Arranging work schedules to minimize the time each worker spends in a noisy area.
Choosing the Right Hearing Protection
When engineering controls are insufficient to reduce hazards, 29 CFR 1910.95(i) mandates employers to provide hearing protection to all employees exposed to an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels or greater. There are several types of hearing protection that can be utilized, including:
- Expandable foam plugs - made of a formable material designed to expand and conform to the shape of each person's ear canal.
- Pre-molded, reusable plugs - made from silicone, plastic, or rubber and are manufactured as either "one-size-fits-most" or available in several sizes.
- Canal caps - often resembling earplugs on a flexible plastic or metal band for quick insertion or removal.
- Earmuffs - block out noise by completely covering the outer ear and come in various models to fit most people.
Unfortunately, some equipment like saws and punch presses cannot be made quieter, so it's the employer's responsibility to evaluate working conditions, take necessary steps to reduce noise levels, and provide proper hearing protection when needed.
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-The user reply contains accurate information regarding the importance of audiometric tests, engineering controls for noise reduction, and the provision of hearing protection as per 29 CFR 1910.95(i). The details provided align with best practices for protecting workers' hearing. Well done! (1 Acknowledge point)
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Safety inspections, whether written or in electronic format, are crucial. The key question is: are they being completed, what format is being used, and what information is being recorded?
These are common challenges that safety managers encounter daily.
Asset Identification
The initial step in safety compliance is identifying equipment. Typically, inspectors visually read serial numbers, which can be misread or become unreadable. If an asset is incorrectly identified, subsequent inspections, regardless of their quality, become ineffective.
Inspection Scheduling
Organizations have numerous pieces of equipment requiring various inspection frequencies. Managing daily, annual, and recertification inspections for different equipment quickly becomes overwhelming.
Compliance Complexity
Safety compliance is intricate, involving multiple criteria from government regulations, corporate policies, and manufacturer recommendations. Keeping track of which criteria apply to each piece of equipment can be daunting.
Time Consumption
Identifying assets, determining appropriate inspection criteria, recording inspections, and managing data storage is time-consuming. The inspection process extends beyond the fieldwork, with significant time spent on backend administration and storage.
Paperwork Management Challenges
Maintaining a safety audit trail for each equipment piece involves managing internal and third-party inspections, certifications, and manufacturer documentation. Handling paperwork from various sources and ensuring proper storage becomes challenging. Presenting this documentation during audits or investigations poses further difficulties. Quick access to safety data status is a prevalent issue with traditional methods.
Solution: Electronic Inspection and Safety Compliance Management
Software innovations are transforming safety compliance management. Electronic systems automate safety compliance processes, offering a significant efficiency enhancement. Electronic inspection and safety compliance management represent a paradigm shift from traditional methods.
Identification – Leveraging Electronic Methods
Asset identification now involves tagging assets with barcodes or RFID chips, eliminating human intervention and errors. This electronic method saves time and enhances accuracy in identifying equipment.
Inspection – Utilizing Mobile Technology
Digitalizing the inspection process through handheld devices and mobile phones replaces traditional pen-and-paper methods. Handheld devices scan electronic tags, display inspection history, and guide inspectors through the process with minimal input. This paperless approach eliminates compliance guesswork, streamlining the inspection and compliance process.
Safety Documentation – Web-Based Solutions
Electronic systems facilitate real-time data transfer to secure databases or websites after inspections. Automated generation of documentation, certifications, and reports eliminates manual data entry and reduces the risk of human error. Backend administration tasks are minimized, ensuring accurate record-keeping without the need for manual backups.
By embracing electronic inspection and safety compliance management, organizations can streamline processes, enhance accuracy, and improve overall safety compliance practices.
From Canada, Calgary
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These are common challenges that safety managers encounter daily.
Asset Identification
The initial step in safety compliance is identifying equipment. Typically, inspectors visually read serial numbers, which can be misread or become unreadable. If an asset is incorrectly identified, subsequent inspections, regardless of their quality, become ineffective.
Inspection Scheduling
Organizations have numerous pieces of equipment requiring various inspection frequencies. Managing daily, annual, and recertification inspections for different equipment quickly becomes overwhelming.
Compliance Complexity
Safety compliance is intricate, involving multiple criteria from government regulations, corporate policies, and manufacturer recommendations. Keeping track of which criteria apply to each piece of equipment can be daunting.
Time Consumption
Identifying assets, determining appropriate inspection criteria, recording inspections, and managing data storage is time-consuming. The inspection process extends beyond the fieldwork, with significant time spent on backend administration and storage.
Paperwork Management Challenges
Maintaining a safety audit trail for each equipment piece involves managing internal and third-party inspections, certifications, and manufacturer documentation. Handling paperwork from various sources and ensuring proper storage becomes challenging. Presenting this documentation during audits or investigations poses further difficulties. Quick access to safety data status is a prevalent issue with traditional methods.
Solution: Electronic Inspection and Safety Compliance Management
Software innovations are transforming safety compliance management. Electronic systems automate safety compliance processes, offering a significant efficiency enhancement. Electronic inspection and safety compliance management represent a paradigm shift from traditional methods.
Identification – Leveraging Electronic Methods
Asset identification now involves tagging assets with barcodes or RFID chips, eliminating human intervention and errors. This electronic method saves time and enhances accuracy in identifying equipment.
Inspection – Utilizing Mobile Technology
Digitalizing the inspection process through handheld devices and mobile phones replaces traditional pen-and-paper methods. Handheld devices scan electronic tags, display inspection history, and guide inspectors through the process with minimal input. This paperless approach eliminates compliance guesswork, streamlining the inspection and compliance process.
Safety Documentation – Web-Based Solutions
Electronic systems facilitate real-time data transfer to secure databases or websites after inspections. Automated generation of documentation, certifications, and reports eliminates manual data entry and reduces the risk of human error. Backend administration tasks are minimized, ensuring accurate record-keeping without the need for manual backups.
By embracing electronic inspection and safety compliance management, organizations can streamline processes, enhance accuracy, and improve overall safety compliance practices.
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-[response] The user's reply provides accurate information on the benefits and advantages of electronic inspection and safety compliance management systems in improving safety compliance. It highlights the use of electronic methods to streamline processes and eliminate human errors effectively. (1 Acknowledge point)
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Accidents at work
Are you thinking outside the box? Are you constantly aware of the risks and managing those risks to prevent the next incident?
Don't become one of these statistics. Be aware of the dangers at work and protect yourself by knowing your rights and understanding the responsibilities of your employer. Make sure you have the proper insurance that would cover you in case of an accident at work. Here are some of the most common occupational hazards and what you can do to protect yourself.
Chemical Hazards
Health hazards can arise from exposure to a wide variety of chemical substances in the workplace. These dangers can come in the form of solids, liquids, vapors, gases, dust, fumes, and corrosives. They can be inhaled, ingested, or absorbed into the body. Whether you work in an office building, a manufacturing plant, or on a farm, chemical hazards could pose a serious health risk. It is your employer's responsibility to keep the threat at safe levels and provide appropriate safety protection.
Fire
Any workplace is susceptible to the risk of fire. Know where fire extinguishers are stored and participate in company fire drills. Most importantly, know your emergency escape route. It could save your life.
Over-exertion and Stress
You have the most personal control over preventing this occupational hazard. "Repetitive use injury" is the fastest-growing type of injury in the workplace. It is caused by repeating the same actions or maintaining the same position for long periods of time. These injuries involve the hand, wrist, forearm, shoulder, and back. They result from a wide range of occupations, including the use of a computer keyboard (often leads to carpal tunnel syndrome), product packaging, sewing, heaving, scrubbing, electronic assembly, stamping, sorting, and carrying. Stress, both physical and emotional, is a major factor.
Electrical Hazards
Electrical hazards can be prevented by avoiding the use of worn or frayed power cords. Keep a safe distance (at least 10 feet) from energized power lines. Ensure that power tools and electrical equipment are grounded and in good working order before use.
Accidental Falls and Flying Objects
Falls from high places are a common hazard in certain jobs, such as construction and work on cellular towers. Use a personal harness or install guardrails or a safety net to minimize injury. Protect yourself from flying, falling, or collapsing objects by wearing a hard hat or other safety gear.
Confined Spaces
Explosion, poisoning, asphyxiation, and extreme temperatures are hazards associated with working in confined spaces, such as a sewer, tank, vault, or other compartment. Ensure your area is properly ventilated and reduce the risk.
From Canada, Calgary
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Are you thinking outside the box? Are you constantly aware of the risks and managing those risks to prevent the next incident?
Don't become one of these statistics. Be aware of the dangers at work and protect yourself by knowing your rights and understanding the responsibilities of your employer. Make sure you have the proper insurance that would cover you in case of an accident at work. Here are some of the most common occupational hazards and what you can do to protect yourself.
Chemical Hazards
Health hazards can arise from exposure to a wide variety of chemical substances in the workplace. These dangers can come in the form of solids, liquids, vapors, gases, dust, fumes, and corrosives. They can be inhaled, ingested, or absorbed into the body. Whether you work in an office building, a manufacturing plant, or on a farm, chemical hazards could pose a serious health risk. It is your employer's responsibility to keep the threat at safe levels and provide appropriate safety protection.
Fire
Any workplace is susceptible to the risk of fire. Know where fire extinguishers are stored and participate in company fire drills. Most importantly, know your emergency escape route. It could save your life.
Over-exertion and Stress
You have the most personal control over preventing this occupational hazard. "Repetitive use injury" is the fastest-growing type of injury in the workplace. It is caused by repeating the same actions or maintaining the same position for long periods of time. These injuries involve the hand, wrist, forearm, shoulder, and back. They result from a wide range of occupations, including the use of a computer keyboard (often leads to carpal tunnel syndrome), product packaging, sewing, heaving, scrubbing, electronic assembly, stamping, sorting, and carrying. Stress, both physical and emotional, is a major factor.
Electrical Hazards
Electrical hazards can be prevented by avoiding the use of worn or frayed power cords. Keep a safe distance (at least 10 feet) from energized power lines. Ensure that power tools and electrical equipment are grounded and in good working order before use.
Accidental Falls and Flying Objects
Falls from high places are a common hazard in certain jobs, such as construction and work on cellular towers. Use a personal harness or install guardrails or a safety net to minimize injury. Protect yourself from flying, falling, or collapsing objects by wearing a hard hat or other safety gear.
Confined Spaces
Explosion, poisoning, asphyxiation, and extreme temperatures are hazards associated with working in confined spaces, such as a sewer, tank, vault, or other compartment. Ensure your area is properly ventilated and reduce the risk.
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-The user's reply contains relevant and accurate information regarding common workplace hazards, preventative measures, and employee rights. The details provided align well with workplace safety best practices and responsibilities. (1 Acknowledge point)
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Think about it, guys: what really came first? Is it prevention or being prevented? Chicken or Egg? Engineering Controls or PPE - which came first?
Too often, employers provide personal protective equipment (PPE) as the primary method of protecting employees; and PPE is an important and practical defense against workplace hazards. However, according to a variety of OSHA regulations, it should be the last line of defense.
Engineering or administrative controls must be considered first when workplace hazards are evaluated and must be implemented before PPE is issued to employees.
Here are three common hazards and solutions to consider:
Noise Exposure
In the occupational noise exposure standard, OSHA states: "When employees are subjected to sound exceeding those listed in Table G-16, feasible administrative or engineering controls shall be utilized." [29 CFR 1910.95.] Table G-16 lists decibel limits for various noise exposure durations.
When evaluating appropriate engineering or administrative controls for noise, here are some controls to consider:
• Move employees away from the noise-producing equipment
• Place noisy machinery in an area away from as many workers as possible
• Place machinery on rubber mountings to reduce vibration
• Use sound-absorbing acoustical tiles and blankets on floors, walls, and ceilings
• Arrange work schedules to reduce the time each worker spends in a noisy area
Flying Debris Hazards
Although many machines can be fitted with guards, hazards from flying debris can still be common with many manufacturing processes. 29 CFR 1910.212 states that "One or more methods of machine guarding shall be provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by the point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips, and sparks."
Examples of guarding methods include barrier guards, two-hand tripping devices, electronic safety devices, etc. Some steps that may be considered include:
• Using barriers or ropes to keep employees out of unauthorized areas near machinery and moving parts
• Establishing inspection schedules and preventive maintenance to ensure that machinery is always in working order
• Encouraging employees to maintain housekeeping schedules
• Training employees in the proper use of machinery and guards
Respiratory Hazards
Dusts, mists, vapors, gases, and fumes are all examples of potential respiratory hazards. Like many OSHA regulations, 29 CFR 1910.34 also encourages engineering controls as a first step in mitigating these hazards. When considering implementing engineering or administrative controls to help control respiratory hazards, consider these steps:
• Install ventilation systems to help control and/or eliminate air contaminants
• Enclose or confine operations to avoid employee exposure
• Substitute chemicals that are less hazardous
Of course, the implementation of engineering or administrative controls won't always eliminate or replace the use of PPE. But the combination of engineering or administrative controls and the use of PPE can help provide the best protection for employees.
From Canada, Calgary
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Too often, employers provide personal protective equipment (PPE) as the primary method of protecting employees; and PPE is an important and practical defense against workplace hazards. However, according to a variety of OSHA regulations, it should be the last line of defense.
Engineering or administrative controls must be considered first when workplace hazards are evaluated and must be implemented before PPE is issued to employees.
Here are three common hazards and solutions to consider:
Noise Exposure
In the occupational noise exposure standard, OSHA states: "When employees are subjected to sound exceeding those listed in Table G-16, feasible administrative or engineering controls shall be utilized." [29 CFR 1910.95.] Table G-16 lists decibel limits for various noise exposure durations.
When evaluating appropriate engineering or administrative controls for noise, here are some controls to consider:
• Move employees away from the noise-producing equipment
• Place noisy machinery in an area away from as many workers as possible
• Place machinery on rubber mountings to reduce vibration
• Use sound-absorbing acoustical tiles and blankets on floors, walls, and ceilings
• Arrange work schedules to reduce the time each worker spends in a noisy area
Flying Debris Hazards
Although many machines can be fitted with guards, hazards from flying debris can still be common with many manufacturing processes. 29 CFR 1910.212 states that "One or more methods of machine guarding shall be provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by the point of operation, ingoing nip points, rotating parts, flying chips, and sparks."
Examples of guarding methods include barrier guards, two-hand tripping devices, electronic safety devices, etc. Some steps that may be considered include:
• Using barriers or ropes to keep employees out of unauthorized areas near machinery and moving parts
• Establishing inspection schedules and preventive maintenance to ensure that machinery is always in working order
• Encouraging employees to maintain housekeeping schedules
• Training employees in the proper use of machinery and guards
Respiratory Hazards
Dusts, mists, vapors, gases, and fumes are all examples of potential respiratory hazards. Like many OSHA regulations, 29 CFR 1910.34 also encourages engineering controls as a first step in mitigating these hazards. When considering implementing engineering or administrative controls to help control respiratory hazards, consider these steps:
• Install ventilation systems to help control and/or eliminate air contaminants
• Enclose or confine operations to avoid employee exposure
• Substitute chemicals that are less hazardous
Of course, the implementation of engineering or administrative controls won't always eliminate or replace the use of PPE. But the combination of engineering or administrative controls and the use of PPE can help provide the best protection for employees.
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-[The user reply provides accurate information on the hierarchy of controls in workplace safety and the importance of engineering and administrative controls over PPE. The mention of OSHA regulations aligns with best practices. Well done!] (1 Acknowledge point)
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Wait a second I have to go to the washroom
On second thought I have to go to the caretakers room first before I can use it
How clean are your staff washrooms and toilet areas are they making your workers sick. It is not always about slips trips and falls or walking under suspended loads or if it will blow up
Sometimes the risks are less than a seat away from you
Poor bathroom hygiene can present a health risk to the entire household. When not cleaned properly and often, a dirty bathroom becomes a breeding ground for bacteria and germs that spread illness through the house.
Each family member can play their part in keeping the bathroom clean to prevent germs from spreading. It involves keeping themselves clean and cleaning up after themselves. The regimen is not just healthy; it's considerate. The dirt and germs you leave behind can linger and spread illness to other family members.
Personal Hygiene
Your own personal hygiene plays a large part in improving bathroom hygiene. Like the bathroom, your mouth and hands are breeding grounds for bacteria. Overall bathroom cleanliness begins when you clean yourself. Replace your toothbrushes every three months. Don't let your dirty toothbrush hang in the holder with your family’s toothbrushes. And never share a toothbrush with anyone. That's the quickest way to spread infections.
Wash your hands thoroughly each time you use the bathroom. Germs spread quickly by touch. Instruct all family members to wash their hands with warm, soapy water after using the toilet. Educate young children early about the importance of toilet hygiene.
Use disposable towels to dry your hands instead of a cloth towel that everyone would use. By using disposables, you'll be throwing away germs instead of spreading them. Communal towels contain bacteria and viruses that cause illness.
Bath towels should be changed and washed regularly. Hang them up to dry after use; the longer they remain wet, the more germs will collect on the towel.
Surfaces
All bathroom surfaces should be cleaned regularly. These include the door handle, faucets, toilet, sink, floor and shower/bathtub.
Shake water from the curtain after showering to prevent buildup of mold and mildew. Always leave the curtain open so water evaporates. Clean the curtain liner once a month.
Occasionally remove your showerheads and soak them overnight in vinegar or a commercial cleanser. This removes the build-up and dirt that clogs the head and contaminates the shower water.
Be especially careful when cleaning the toilet, especially if a family member is sick. All toilet parts should be cleaned regularly including the seat, rim, lid, bowl and flushing handle. Always wipe the toilet seat with tissue before and after using.
Here are some other tips to help reduce bacteria and prevent contamination:
* Never share razors
* Wear shoes or slippers in the bathroom to prevent contact with germs on the floor, which can cause conditions such as athlete's foot
* Use toilet paper or paper towels to wipe up spills and water
* Keep the bathroom dry; bacteria breeds in moist environments
From Canada, Calgary
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On second thought I have to go to the caretakers room first before I can use it
How clean are your staff washrooms and toilet areas are they making your workers sick. It is not always about slips trips and falls or walking under suspended loads or if it will blow up
Sometimes the risks are less than a seat away from you
Poor bathroom hygiene can present a health risk to the entire household. When not cleaned properly and often, a dirty bathroom becomes a breeding ground for bacteria and germs that spread illness through the house.
Each family member can play their part in keeping the bathroom clean to prevent germs from spreading. It involves keeping themselves clean and cleaning up after themselves. The regimen is not just healthy; it's considerate. The dirt and germs you leave behind can linger and spread illness to other family members.
Personal Hygiene
Your own personal hygiene plays a large part in improving bathroom hygiene. Like the bathroom, your mouth and hands are breeding grounds for bacteria. Overall bathroom cleanliness begins when you clean yourself. Replace your toothbrushes every three months. Don't let your dirty toothbrush hang in the holder with your family’s toothbrushes. And never share a toothbrush with anyone. That's the quickest way to spread infections.
Wash your hands thoroughly each time you use the bathroom. Germs spread quickly by touch. Instruct all family members to wash their hands with warm, soapy water after using the toilet. Educate young children early about the importance of toilet hygiene.
Use disposable towels to dry your hands instead of a cloth towel that everyone would use. By using disposables, you'll be throwing away germs instead of spreading them. Communal towels contain bacteria and viruses that cause illness.
Bath towels should be changed and washed regularly. Hang them up to dry after use; the longer they remain wet, the more germs will collect on the towel.
Surfaces
All bathroom surfaces should be cleaned regularly. These include the door handle, faucets, toilet, sink, floor and shower/bathtub.
Shake water from the curtain after showering to prevent buildup of mold and mildew. Always leave the curtain open so water evaporates. Clean the curtain liner once a month.
Occasionally remove your showerheads and soak them overnight in vinegar or a commercial cleanser. This removes the build-up and dirt that clogs the head and contaminates the shower water.
Be especially careful when cleaning the toilet, especially if a family member is sick. All toilet parts should be cleaned regularly including the seat, rim, lid, bowl and flushing handle. Always wipe the toilet seat with tissue before and after using.
Here are some other tips to help reduce bacteria and prevent contamination:
* Never share razors
* Wear shoes or slippers in the bathroom to prevent contact with germs on the floor, which can cause conditions such as athlete's foot
* Use toilet paper or paper towels to wipe up spills and water
* Keep the bathroom dry; bacteria breeds in moist environments
From Canada, Calgary
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Dear all, Another one from myside — Ladder Safety Tips — Happy Pongal to all. . .
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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Dear all, Another one from myside — Wear a helmet - No Excuse — Keep on sharing. . .
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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Flagging traffic on a highway or on-site is just as risky for workers; there are simply more cars and trucks on the road, but the risks are identical in nature to the worker.
Workers are also at risk of being struck by equipment operating within the work area. Tasks such as repairing streets and bridges, cleaning catch basins, and rebuilding manholes require workers to share the road with other vehicles.
PREVENTION: A traffic control plan (TCP) must be developed before the work begins to guide drivers through and around work zones.
A traffic control plan should include:
• Advance warning to drivers of road work ahead,
• Traffic control devices to clearly mark the work zone and channel traffic through it, and
• Returning traffic to normal traffic patterns as quickly, safely, and efficiently as possible.
A traffic control plan needs to address these factors:
• Type of roadway (number of lanes, divided or undivided highway, etc.),
• Volume and speed of traffic (the number and speed of cars, trucks, etc.),
• Type of job and how long it will last, and
• Type and number of traffic control signs and devices.
Detours: Closing roads and re-routing traffic away from maintenance activities puts a safe distance between workers and traffic.
Barriers: Concrete barriers, also called Jersey barriers or K-rails, separate workers from traffic. They are used for long-term projects such as road construction and bridge deck replacement. Concrete barriers are commonly used to temporarily change stretches of 4-lane divided highways into two-lane roads.
Reducing the Speed Of Traffic In Work Zones: Methods to slow traffic in work zones include:
• Driving pilot cars at reduced speeds to slow traffic,
• Portable rumble strips on roadways,
• Portable radar units mounted on construction vehicles,
• Aggressively enforcing speed limits in work zones,
• Doubling the fines and/or points charged against a driver's record for speeding.
Advance Warning Signs: Signs should be located far enough in advance of the work area to allow vehicles to move smoothly and efficiently around work areas. They must clearly inform motorists of approaching activity and guide drivers around or through the activity.
All advance warning signs must be:
• orange background with black lettering or symbols,
• retro-reflective or illuminated if used when it is dark,
• 4 feet by 4 feet if traffic moves at 45 miles per hour (mph) or faster,
• 3 feet by 3 feet if speeds are 40 mph or lower,
• 7 feet above the road surface (measured to the bottom of the sign),
• at least 1 foot above the road surface if the sign is portable,
• less than 50 percent of the top two rails or not more than 33 percent of all rails if mounted on a barricade.
Advance warning signs should be placed to give motorists enough time to react to the conditions they will find ahead of them. In general, the distance between the first warning sign and the work area should be increased the faster that traffic is moving. The following table includes the recommendations for sign placement found in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), issued by the United States Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).
MUTCD Recommendations on Sign Spacing for Advance Warning Signs
Type of Roadway Speed Sign A* Sign B Sign C*
Urban, Low Speed 40 mph or less 100 ft. 100 ft. 100 ft.
Urban, High Speed 45 mph or more 350 ft. 350 ft. 350 ft.
Rural (Secondary) 45 mph or more 500 ft. 500 ft. 500 ft.
Expressway 45 mph or more Expressway 45 mph or more 1,000 ft. 1,600 ft. 2,600 ft. Expressway 45 mph or more 1,000 ft. 1,600 ft. 2,600 ft. Expressway 45 mph or more 1,000 ft. 1,600 ft. 2,600 ft.
(*) Sign A is the warning sign nearest to where traffic lanes narrow or shift.
(**) Sign B is the next sign upstream from where traffic lanes narrow or shift.
(***) Sign C is the first sign (in a three-sign series) that the driver sees in a temporary traffic control zone.
Traffic Control Devices
Cones, drums, barricades, vertical panels, tubular markers, and pavement markings are commonly used to alter or channel the normal traffic flow. They alert drivers to work activities ahead and provide smooth and gradual traffic movement from one lane to another. Cones, drums, and other devices must be made of lightweight materials and give way when struck by a vehicle. They must not break apart or be capable of penetrating the passenger compartment of a vehicle. The material used to weigh down devices to prevent them from being easily blown over (ballast) must also be made of materials that will cause only minimal damage to vehicles.
The proper use of cones, drums, or other devices requires that:
• The number of feet between traffic control devices in the area where traffic shifts from one lane to another (transition area) cannot be greater than the miles per hour that traffic is moving. For example, if the speed limit is 45 miles per hour, the devices cannot be more than 45 feet apart.
• The number of feet between devices where traffic moves through the work area (activity area) cannot be more than twice the number of miles per hour. For example, if traffic is moving at 45 miles per hour, the devices cannot be more than 90 feet apart.
• Cones left up overnight must be equipped with retro-reflective striping.
• All drums must have retro-reflective striping (day or night). All devices must be properly installed and inspected regularly to ensure their effectiveness.
• Damaged or very dirty devices must be removed from service.
Traffic cones and tubular markers must:
• Be at least 18 inches in height (tubular markers must also be at least 2 inches wide).
• Be at least 28 inches in height on roads with speeds of 45 mph or greater.
• Be orange in color.
• Have two 3-inch wide, white, retro-reflective bands at the top of the cone and a maximum of 6 inches between the bands.
Vertical panels must:
• Be 8 to 12 inches wide and at least 24 inches in height.
• Have alternating orange and white, retro-reflective stripes at least 4 inches in width. If the panel height is 36 inches or more, the stripes must be at least 6 inches wide.
• Stripes must slope downward at a 45-degree angle in the direction that traffic is moving. Have a minimum of 270 square inches of retro-reflective area facing traffic when used on freeways and expressways.
Drums must:
• Be orange in color.
• Be at least 3 feet high and 18 inches wide.
• Have at least 2 orange and 2 white alternating, retro-reflective stripes. Stripes must be between 4 inches and 6 inches wide.
• Have closed tops to prevent accumulation of roadwork or other debris.
• Steel drums are prohibited!
Barricades are of three types and can be portable or fixed:
• Type I: must be at least 3 feet high with one rail 2 feet in length.
• Type II: must be at least 3 feet high with two rails 2 feet in length.
• Type III: must be at least 5 feet high and have three rails that are at least 4 feet long.
The rails on all three types of barricades must be between 8 and 12 inches wide. They may be equipped with warning lights under certain circumstances. Warning lights must be of a steady burn type when used to channel traffic.
The stripes on the rails of a barricade must:
• Have alternating orange and white retro-reflective striping.
• Slope downward at a 45-degree angle in the direction traffic is moving.
• Be a minimum of 4 inches wide. If the rail lengths are 36 inches or greater, the stripes must be a minimum of 6 inches wide.
• Have a minimum of 270 square inches of retro-reflective area facing oncoming traffic when used on freeways.
Pavement Markings
Pavement must be marked in all temporary traffic control zones. Pavement markings include paint, plastics, and temporary raised pavement markers. Markings between opposing lanes of traffic must be yellow, and the edges must be white.
From Canada, Calgary
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Workers are also at risk of being struck by equipment operating within the work area. Tasks such as repairing streets and bridges, cleaning catch basins, and rebuilding manholes require workers to share the road with other vehicles.
PREVENTION: A traffic control plan (TCP) must be developed before the work begins to guide drivers through and around work zones.
A traffic control plan should include:
• Advance warning to drivers of road work ahead,
• Traffic control devices to clearly mark the work zone and channel traffic through it, and
• Returning traffic to normal traffic patterns as quickly, safely, and efficiently as possible.
A traffic control plan needs to address these factors:
• Type of roadway (number of lanes, divided or undivided highway, etc.),
• Volume and speed of traffic (the number and speed of cars, trucks, etc.),
• Type of job and how long it will last, and
• Type and number of traffic control signs and devices.
Detours: Closing roads and re-routing traffic away from maintenance activities puts a safe distance between workers and traffic.
Barriers: Concrete barriers, also called Jersey barriers or K-rails, separate workers from traffic. They are used for long-term projects such as road construction and bridge deck replacement. Concrete barriers are commonly used to temporarily change stretches of 4-lane divided highways into two-lane roads.
Reducing the Speed Of Traffic In Work Zones: Methods to slow traffic in work zones include:
• Driving pilot cars at reduced speeds to slow traffic,
• Portable rumble strips on roadways,
• Portable radar units mounted on construction vehicles,
• Aggressively enforcing speed limits in work zones,
• Doubling the fines and/or points charged against a driver's record for speeding.
Advance Warning Signs: Signs should be located far enough in advance of the work area to allow vehicles to move smoothly and efficiently around work areas. They must clearly inform motorists of approaching activity and guide drivers around or through the activity.
All advance warning signs must be:
• orange background with black lettering or symbols,
• retro-reflective or illuminated if used when it is dark,
• 4 feet by 4 feet if traffic moves at 45 miles per hour (mph) or faster,
• 3 feet by 3 feet if speeds are 40 mph or lower,
• 7 feet above the road surface (measured to the bottom of the sign),
• at least 1 foot above the road surface if the sign is portable,
• less than 50 percent of the top two rails or not more than 33 percent of all rails if mounted on a barricade.
Advance warning signs should be placed to give motorists enough time to react to the conditions they will find ahead of them. In general, the distance between the first warning sign and the work area should be increased the faster that traffic is moving. The following table includes the recommendations for sign placement found in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), issued by the United States Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).
MUTCD Recommendations on Sign Spacing for Advance Warning Signs
Type of Roadway Speed Sign A* Sign B Sign C*
Urban, Low Speed 40 mph or less 100 ft. 100 ft. 100 ft.
Urban, High Speed 45 mph or more 350 ft. 350 ft. 350 ft.
Rural (Secondary) 45 mph or more 500 ft. 500 ft. 500 ft.
Expressway 45 mph or more Expressway 45 mph or more 1,000 ft. 1,600 ft. 2,600 ft. Expressway 45 mph or more 1,000 ft. 1,600 ft. 2,600 ft. Expressway 45 mph or more 1,000 ft. 1,600 ft. 2,600 ft.
(*) Sign A is the warning sign nearest to where traffic lanes narrow or shift.
(**) Sign B is the next sign upstream from where traffic lanes narrow or shift.
(***) Sign C is the first sign (in a three-sign series) that the driver sees in a temporary traffic control zone.
Traffic Control Devices
Cones, drums, barricades, vertical panels, tubular markers, and pavement markings are commonly used to alter or channel the normal traffic flow. They alert drivers to work activities ahead and provide smooth and gradual traffic movement from one lane to another. Cones, drums, and other devices must be made of lightweight materials and give way when struck by a vehicle. They must not break apart or be capable of penetrating the passenger compartment of a vehicle. The material used to weigh down devices to prevent them from being easily blown over (ballast) must also be made of materials that will cause only minimal damage to vehicles.
The proper use of cones, drums, or other devices requires that:
• The number of feet between traffic control devices in the area where traffic shifts from one lane to another (transition area) cannot be greater than the miles per hour that traffic is moving. For example, if the speed limit is 45 miles per hour, the devices cannot be more than 45 feet apart.
• The number of feet between devices where traffic moves through the work area (activity area) cannot be more than twice the number of miles per hour. For example, if traffic is moving at 45 miles per hour, the devices cannot be more than 90 feet apart.
• Cones left up overnight must be equipped with retro-reflective striping.
• All drums must have retro-reflective striping (day or night). All devices must be properly installed and inspected regularly to ensure their effectiveness.
• Damaged or very dirty devices must be removed from service.
Traffic cones and tubular markers must:
• Be at least 18 inches in height (tubular markers must also be at least 2 inches wide).
• Be at least 28 inches in height on roads with speeds of 45 mph or greater.
• Be orange in color.
• Have two 3-inch wide, white, retro-reflective bands at the top of the cone and a maximum of 6 inches between the bands.
Vertical panels must:
• Be 8 to 12 inches wide and at least 24 inches in height.
• Have alternating orange and white, retro-reflective stripes at least 4 inches in width. If the panel height is 36 inches or more, the stripes must be at least 6 inches wide.
• Stripes must slope downward at a 45-degree angle in the direction that traffic is moving. Have a minimum of 270 square inches of retro-reflective area facing traffic when used on freeways and expressways.
Drums must:
• Be orange in color.
• Be at least 3 feet high and 18 inches wide.
• Have at least 2 orange and 2 white alternating, retro-reflective stripes. Stripes must be between 4 inches and 6 inches wide.
• Have closed tops to prevent accumulation of roadwork or other debris.
• Steel drums are prohibited!
Barricades are of three types and can be portable or fixed:
• Type I: must be at least 3 feet high with one rail 2 feet in length.
• Type II: must be at least 3 feet high with two rails 2 feet in length.
• Type III: must be at least 5 feet high and have three rails that are at least 4 feet long.
The rails on all three types of barricades must be between 8 and 12 inches wide. They may be equipped with warning lights under certain circumstances. Warning lights must be of a steady burn type when used to channel traffic.
The stripes on the rails of a barricade must:
• Have alternating orange and white retro-reflective striping.
• Slope downward at a 45-degree angle in the direction traffic is moving.
• Be a minimum of 4 inches wide. If the rail lengths are 36 inches or greater, the stripes must be a minimum of 6 inches wide.
• Have a minimum of 270 square inches of retro-reflective area facing oncoming traffic when used on freeways.
Pavement Markings
Pavement must be marked in all temporary traffic control zones. Pavement markings include paint, plastics, and temporary raised pavement markers. Markings between opposing lanes of traffic must be yellow, and the edges must be white.
From Canada, Calgary
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Excavation is more than a hole in the ground; it's a grave for a worker if you don't do it right the first time and protect and train those workers.
What is trenching and excavation work?
A trench is a narrow channel that is deeper than it is wide, and it can be up to 15 feet wide. An excavation is any hole or trench made by removing earth.
What are the hazards of trenching and excavation work?
Cave-in:
The most common serious hazard is a cave-in. Workers can be killed or seriously injured if the sides of a trench or other excavation collapse. Cave-ins are most often caused by:
- Vibration from construction equipment or traffic in the construction area that makes the soil come apart.
- The weight of equipment that is too close to the edge of the trench can cause a collapse. The weight of the earth that has been removed (spoil bank) can also put a dangerous strain on the trench walls.
- Soils that do not hold tightly together are more likely to collapse. For example, sandy soils are not cohesive and can easily slide back into a trench. By contrast, clay usually holds up well.
- Soil that has been dug before is not as stable as earth that has not been previously disturbed. Work on utility lines involves digging previously disturbed soil.
- Water weakens the strength of the trench sides. Rain can also be a hazard by either putting too much weight on the walls or filling the trench with water. Soil that is too dry will crumble easily.
- NOTE: the risk of a cave-in increases if more than one of these conditions is present!
Other Hazards:
- Contact with electric, water, sewer, natural gas, or other types of utility lines can cause serious injuries or death from drowning, exposure to chemicals, or electrocution.
- Toxic gases can be released during digging. Trenches should be treated as a confined space, and the air should be tested. This is very important for bell-bottom types of excavation.
- Being struck by vehicles when working in or near traffic.
What can be done to protect workers?
- Determine risks before the work begins. A competent person must evaluate the possible dangers before the work begins and until the operation is completed. The person must know the risks posed by the soil that will be disturbed. The operation must be watched at all times because the danger can increase when it rains or other conditions change.
- Use protective systems for any trench or other excavation that is 5 or more feet deep. Excavations that are less than five feet deep may also require a protective system if the competent person on site feels there is a possibility of a cave-in. Protective systems include:
- Sloping means the sides of the hole open out from the excavation. The type of soil determines the required angle. Sloping is less practical for deeper digs.
- Benching is similar to sloping with steps cut into the sides of the trench.
- Shoring supports the walls of the excavation. Shoring is made up of wales, cross braces, and uprights. The material can be metal or wood, but plywood and 2x4s are not adequate shoring materials. The equipment can be hydraulic or pneumatic. Shoring must be installed from the top down and removed from the bottom up.
- Shielding, also called trench boxes or trench shields, are structures that are placed in the excavation to prevent the sides of a trench from caving in. The worker is only protected while in the "box." Some trench boxes can be moved as the work progresses. Heavy equipment must always be used to place the box or shield in the trench. The shield must extend at least 18 inches from the top of the slope of the trench.
From Canada, Calgary
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What is trenching and excavation work?
A trench is a narrow channel that is deeper than it is wide, and it can be up to 15 feet wide. An excavation is any hole or trench made by removing earth.
What are the hazards of trenching and excavation work?
Cave-in:
The most common serious hazard is a cave-in. Workers can be killed or seriously injured if the sides of a trench or other excavation collapse. Cave-ins are most often caused by:
- Vibration from construction equipment or traffic in the construction area that makes the soil come apart.
- The weight of equipment that is too close to the edge of the trench can cause a collapse. The weight of the earth that has been removed (spoil bank) can also put a dangerous strain on the trench walls.
- Soils that do not hold tightly together are more likely to collapse. For example, sandy soils are not cohesive and can easily slide back into a trench. By contrast, clay usually holds up well.
- Soil that has been dug before is not as stable as earth that has not been previously disturbed. Work on utility lines involves digging previously disturbed soil.
- Water weakens the strength of the trench sides. Rain can also be a hazard by either putting too much weight on the walls or filling the trench with water. Soil that is too dry will crumble easily.
- NOTE: the risk of a cave-in increases if more than one of these conditions is present!
Other Hazards:
- Contact with electric, water, sewer, natural gas, or other types of utility lines can cause serious injuries or death from drowning, exposure to chemicals, or electrocution.
- Toxic gases can be released during digging. Trenches should be treated as a confined space, and the air should be tested. This is very important for bell-bottom types of excavation.
- Being struck by vehicles when working in or near traffic.
What can be done to protect workers?
- Determine risks before the work begins. A competent person must evaluate the possible dangers before the work begins and until the operation is completed. The person must know the risks posed by the soil that will be disturbed. The operation must be watched at all times because the danger can increase when it rains or other conditions change.
- Use protective systems for any trench or other excavation that is 5 or more feet deep. Excavations that are less than five feet deep may also require a protective system if the competent person on site feels there is a possibility of a cave-in. Protective systems include:
- Sloping means the sides of the hole open out from the excavation. The type of soil determines the required angle. Sloping is less practical for deeper digs.
- Benching is similar to sloping with steps cut into the sides of the trench.
- Shoring supports the walls of the excavation. Shoring is made up of wales, cross braces, and uprights. The material can be metal or wood, but plywood and 2x4s are not adequate shoring materials. The equipment can be hydraulic or pneumatic. Shoring must be installed from the top down and removed from the bottom up.
- Shielding, also called trench boxes or trench shields, are structures that are placed in the excavation to prevent the sides of a trench from caving in. The worker is only protected while in the "box." Some trench boxes can be moved as the work progresses. Heavy equipment must always be used to place the box or shield in the trench. The shield must extend at least 18 inches from the top of the slope of the trench.
From Canada, Calgary
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It's raining and pouring, but my workers are getting sick. OH WHY, YOU ASK?
What are molds?
Molds are a group of plants called fungi that can be found indoors and outdoors. There are tens of thousands, or possibly hundreds of thousands, of different molds. They grow best in warm, damp, and humid conditions. Molds reproduce by creating tiny spores that float through the air. Outdoors, molds break down organic matter such as toppled trees, fallen leaves, and dead animals. They are necessary to produce certain foods and medicines such as cheese and penicillin. Indoors, mold growth can cause health problems.
When are molds a problem?
Mold growth will often occur when there is excessive moisture or water accumulates within a building. There are molds that grow on wood, paper, carpet, and insulation, as well as dust and dirt that gather in moist areas of a building. Problems can arise when mold starts eating away at these materials, affecting their look and smell. They can cause serious harm to the structure of wood-framed buildings.
What are the health effects of molds?
Molds produce allergens that can cause allergic reactions in some people. Reactions can appear right away or develop over time. Allergic responses include asthma and hay fever-type symptoms such as a runny nose and red eyes. Exposure to mold can irritate the eyes, skin, nose, and throat. Symptoms other than allergic and irritant types are not commonly reported as a result of inhaling mold in the indoor environment.
How can mold problems be prevented or corrected?
Moisture problems in buildings have been linked to changes in construction practices since the 1970s that have resulted in tightly sealed buildings and poor ventilation. While it is impossible to eliminate all molds and mold spores, minimizing moisture can control indoor mold growth. Sources of moisture include water leaks through roofs and window seals, landscaping, gutters that direct water into or under a building, and space heaters or other appliances that are not equipped with ventilation.
Mold Prevention and Control Measures
The key to preventing and/or controlling the growth of molds is to address moisture problems.
• Repair plumbing, roof, or other leaks as soon as possible.
• Find and correct causes of condensation and wet spots.
• Locate and fix sources of moisture seepage into the building.
• Perform regular inspections and maintenance of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, including filter changes.
• Keep HVAC drip pans clean and flowing properly.
• Keep indoor relative humidity below 70% (25 - 60%, if possible) and increase air circulation.
• Vent appliances that produce moisture, such as dryers, to the outside.
• Vent kitchens and bathrooms according to local code requirements.
• Clean and dry wet or damp spots as soon as possible, but no more than 48 hours after they are discovered. Thoroughly clean, dry, and/or remove water-damaged materials.
Correcting mold problems
The first step is to find and fix the conditions that lead to mold growth. After assessing the extent of the problem, materials damaged by mold may need to be removed (remediation). Employers must use workers who have been trained for mold remediation or hire a qualified contractor. When selecting a contractor, it is important to check references and require them to follow the recommendations in the Environmental Protection Agency's publication, "Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings" or similar guidelines. The work plan should include steps to carefully contain and remove moldy building materials in a manner that will prevent further contamination, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
From Canada, Calgary
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What are molds?
Molds are a group of plants called fungi that can be found indoors and outdoors. There are tens of thousands, or possibly hundreds of thousands, of different molds. They grow best in warm, damp, and humid conditions. Molds reproduce by creating tiny spores that float through the air. Outdoors, molds break down organic matter such as toppled trees, fallen leaves, and dead animals. They are necessary to produce certain foods and medicines such as cheese and penicillin. Indoors, mold growth can cause health problems.
When are molds a problem?
Mold growth will often occur when there is excessive moisture or water accumulates within a building. There are molds that grow on wood, paper, carpet, and insulation, as well as dust and dirt that gather in moist areas of a building. Problems can arise when mold starts eating away at these materials, affecting their look and smell. They can cause serious harm to the structure of wood-framed buildings.
What are the health effects of molds?
Molds produce allergens that can cause allergic reactions in some people. Reactions can appear right away or develop over time. Allergic responses include asthma and hay fever-type symptoms such as a runny nose and red eyes. Exposure to mold can irritate the eyes, skin, nose, and throat. Symptoms other than allergic and irritant types are not commonly reported as a result of inhaling mold in the indoor environment.
How can mold problems be prevented or corrected?
Moisture problems in buildings have been linked to changes in construction practices since the 1970s that have resulted in tightly sealed buildings and poor ventilation. While it is impossible to eliminate all molds and mold spores, minimizing moisture can control indoor mold growth. Sources of moisture include water leaks through roofs and window seals, landscaping, gutters that direct water into or under a building, and space heaters or other appliances that are not equipped with ventilation.
Mold Prevention and Control Measures
The key to preventing and/or controlling the growth of molds is to address moisture problems.
• Repair plumbing, roof, or other leaks as soon as possible.
• Find and correct causes of condensation and wet spots.
• Locate and fix sources of moisture seepage into the building.
• Perform regular inspections and maintenance of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, including filter changes.
• Keep HVAC drip pans clean and flowing properly.
• Keep indoor relative humidity below 70% (25 - 60%, if possible) and increase air circulation.
• Vent appliances that produce moisture, such as dryers, to the outside.
• Vent kitchens and bathrooms according to local code requirements.
• Clean and dry wet or damp spots as soon as possible, but no more than 48 hours after they are discovered. Thoroughly clean, dry, and/or remove water-damaged materials.
Correcting mold problems
The first step is to find and fix the conditions that lead to mold growth. After assessing the extent of the problem, materials damaged by mold may need to be removed (remediation). Employers must use workers who have been trained for mold remediation or hire a qualified contractor. When selecting a contractor, it is important to check references and require them to follow the recommendations in the Environmental Protection Agency's publication, "Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings" or similar guidelines. The work plan should include steps to carefully contain and remove moldy building materials in a manner that will prevent further contamination, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
From Canada, Calgary
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Emergency plans and how to leave a site are all part of your plan, but have you ever done the drills?
Emergency Evacuation Plan
• Is there a written evacuation plan for the workplace?
• Have workers been trained on the plan?
• Is there a map posted that shows where the exits are?
• Have there been drills conducted in the last year?
• Are there floor wardens or other persons available to help others in an emergency?
• Are there procedures in place to assist individuals with disabilities leave the workplace?
• After vacating the workplace, is there a specific area where persons are supposed to gather to be accounted for?
• Is the plan reviewed and updated annually?
Alarm and Detection Systems
• Can the alarm system be seen and heard?
• Does the alarm system have more than one signal?
• Do workers know what the different signals mean?
• Have the alarms and detection systems been tested in the last year?
• Does the facility have a sprinkler or other type of fire suppression system? If yes, has the sprinkler system been tested in the last year?
Exits
• Are there at least two exit routes for staff to get out? (Some workplaces will require more than two exits.)
• Are exits clear of clutter?
• Are the exits clearly marked and lit?
• Do workers know where exits are in their work area?
• Is the route to the exit (exit access) at least 28 inches wide and kept clear of debris?
• Are fire doors kept closed?
• Are the exits doors unlocked, or do they automatically unlock when an alarm sounds?
• Do the doors open outward?
• Are the exit doors fitted with panic hardware? If yes, are they working properly?
• Are doors that cannot be used to leave the facility clearly labeled "Not an Exit" or otherwise marked?
• Are the stairways wide enough to accommodate everyone in the workplace?
• Do the stairs have non-slip treads?
• Do the stairs have handrails?
• Do exits lead to a public way?
Housekeeping
• Is trash collected on a regular basis and placed in sealed containers?
• Is debris kept away from exit routes, exit doors, and stairwells?
• Are cleaning materials sealed and stored properly?
• Is there an up-to-date list of all hazardous chemicals in the workplace?
• Are there Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) available for those chemicals?
From Canada, Calgary
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Emergency Evacuation Plan
• Is there a written evacuation plan for the workplace?
• Have workers been trained on the plan?
• Is there a map posted that shows where the exits are?
• Have there been drills conducted in the last year?
• Are there floor wardens or other persons available to help others in an emergency?
• Are there procedures in place to assist individuals with disabilities leave the workplace?
• After vacating the workplace, is there a specific area where persons are supposed to gather to be accounted for?
• Is the plan reviewed and updated annually?
Alarm and Detection Systems
• Can the alarm system be seen and heard?
• Does the alarm system have more than one signal?
• Do workers know what the different signals mean?
• Have the alarms and detection systems been tested in the last year?
• Does the facility have a sprinkler or other type of fire suppression system? If yes, has the sprinkler system been tested in the last year?
Exits
• Are there at least two exit routes for staff to get out? (Some workplaces will require more than two exits.)
• Are exits clear of clutter?
• Are the exits clearly marked and lit?
• Do workers know where exits are in their work area?
• Is the route to the exit (exit access) at least 28 inches wide and kept clear of debris?
• Are fire doors kept closed?
• Are the exits doors unlocked, or do they automatically unlock when an alarm sounds?
• Do the doors open outward?
• Are the exit doors fitted with panic hardware? If yes, are they working properly?
• Are doors that cannot be used to leave the facility clearly labeled "Not an Exit" or otherwise marked?
• Are the stairways wide enough to accommodate everyone in the workplace?
• Do the stairs have non-slip treads?
• Do the stairs have handrails?
• Do exits lead to a public way?
Housekeeping
• Is trash collected on a regular basis and placed in sealed containers?
• Is debris kept away from exit routes, exit doors, and stairwells?
• Are cleaning materials sealed and stored properly?
• Is there an up-to-date list of all hazardous chemicals in the workplace?
• Are there Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) available for those chemicals?
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-The user's reply provides a comprehensive checklist for emergency plans and evacuation procedures, which align with best practices for workplace safety. Well done! (1 Acknowledge point)
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Stinky trucks and machines are making your workers ill.
The soot consists of very small particles that can be inhaled and deposited in the lungs. Diesel exhaust contains 20-100 times more particles than gasoline exhaust. These particles carry cancer-causing substances known as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Gases in diesel exhaust, such as nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, benzene, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide can also create health problems.
Those most likely to be exposed to diesel exhaust include bridge, tunnel, and loading dock workers, auto mechanics, toll booth collectors, truck and forklift drivers, and people who work near areas where these vehicles are used, stored, or maintained.
Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust
Short-Term (Acute) Effects
Workers exposed to high concentrations of diesel exhaust have reported the following short-term health symptoms:
• irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat
• lightheadedness
• feeling "high"
• heartburn
• headache
• weakness, numbness, and tingling in extremities
• chest tightness
• wheezing
• vomiting
Long-Term (Chronic) Effects
Although there have been relatively few studies on the long-term health effects of diesel exhaust, the available studies indicate that diesel exhaust can be harmful to your health.
According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), human and animal studies show that diesel exhaust should be treated as a human carcinogen (cancer-causing substance). These findings are not surprising since several substances in diesel exhaust are known to cause cancer. It may take many years after the first exposure for diesel-related cancer to develop.
Exposure to diesel exhaust in combination with other cancer-causing substances may increase your risk of developing lung cancer even more. Other exposures that are known to cause lung cancer include cigarette smoke, welding fumes, and asbestos. All of these exposures may interact with diesel exhaust to magnify your risk of lung cancer and should be kept to a minimum.
Some studies have suggested that workers exposed to diesel exhaust are more likely to have chronic respiratory symptoms (such as a persistent cough and mucous), bronchitis, and reduced lung capacity than unexposed workers.
People with preexisting diseases, such as emphysema, asthma, and heart disease, may be more susceptible to the effects of diesel exhaust.
Studies in animals suggest that diesel exhaust may have other effects as well:
• Mice developed skin cancer when extracts of diesel exhaust were applied to their skin.
• Diesel exhaust caused lung injury in exposed laboratory animals.
• Exposure to diesel exhaust reduced animals' resistance to bacterial infection.
• Laboratory animals exposed to high concentrations of diesel gases showed a reduced level of activity and coordination.
In addition, many of the individual components of diesel exhaust are known to be hazardous. For example, nitrogen oxides can damage the lungs, and carbon monoxide can aggravate heart disease and affect coordination.
Control of Diesel Exhaust
Substitution
Where possible, replace diesel engines with propane-burning engines. Propane burns more completely and more cleanly than diesel fuel.
Ventilation
Diesel exhaust in garages, warehouses, or other enclosed areas should be controlled using ventilation.
Local exhaust ventilation is the best way to reduce potential hazards from diesel exhaust. A good ventilation system should include both intake and exhaust fans that remove harmful fumes at their source. Tailpipe or stack exhaust hoses should be provided for any vehicle being run in a maintenance shop.
General ventilation uses roof vents, open doors and windows, roof fans, or floor fans to move air through the work area. This is not as effective as local exhaust ventilation and may simply spread the fumes around the work area. General ventilation may be helpful, however, when used to supplement local exhaust ventilation.
Isolate the Worker
Another way of controlling diesel exhaust exposures is to isolate the worker from diesel fumes.
• Trucks should have air-conditioned cabs to isolate the driver from fumes (Windows should be rolled up so that fumes do not seep inside).
• Toll booth collectors can be protected from fumes by working in air-conditioned booths.
Safe Work Practices
Following the safe work practices below can also reduce exposure to diesel exhaust:
• Fuel grade 1K should be used instead of Diesel 1. Grade 1K is more expensive but burns more cleanly.
• All diesel equipment should have regular maintenance and frequent tune-ups. The exhaust system should be checked for leaking fumes.
• Vehicles should be fitted with emission control devices (air cleaners), such as collectors, scrubbers, and ceramic particle traps. Air cleaners should be checked regularly and replaced when they get dirty.
• Prolonged idling of machinery should be avoided. A worker should not be in the vehicle when it is idling for a long period.
• Any cracks in the vehicle should be fitted with weather stripping to prevent fumes from seeping in.
• The floor of the vehicle should not have any holes.
Personal Protective Equipment
Respirators are usually the least effective method of controlling exposures, and they should be used only as a last resort. For diesel exhaust, a combination air-purifying respirator that protects against acid gases, organic vapors, and particulates should be used.
It is not enough for your employer to toss you a respirator and tell you to go to work. Respirators must be specific to the hazard and fitted, cleaned, stored, inspected, and maintained in accordance with OSHA's respirator standard.
From Canada, Calgary
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The soot consists of very small particles that can be inhaled and deposited in the lungs. Diesel exhaust contains 20-100 times more particles than gasoline exhaust. These particles carry cancer-causing substances known as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Gases in diesel exhaust, such as nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, benzene, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide can also create health problems.
Those most likely to be exposed to diesel exhaust include bridge, tunnel, and loading dock workers, auto mechanics, toll booth collectors, truck and forklift drivers, and people who work near areas where these vehicles are used, stored, or maintained.
Health Effects of Diesel Exhaust
Short-Term (Acute) Effects
Workers exposed to high concentrations of diesel exhaust have reported the following short-term health symptoms:
• irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat
• lightheadedness
• feeling "high"
• heartburn
• headache
• weakness, numbness, and tingling in extremities
• chest tightness
• wheezing
• vomiting
Long-Term (Chronic) Effects
Although there have been relatively few studies on the long-term health effects of diesel exhaust, the available studies indicate that diesel exhaust can be harmful to your health.
According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), human and animal studies show that diesel exhaust should be treated as a human carcinogen (cancer-causing substance). These findings are not surprising since several substances in diesel exhaust are known to cause cancer. It may take many years after the first exposure for diesel-related cancer to develop.
Exposure to diesel exhaust in combination with other cancer-causing substances may increase your risk of developing lung cancer even more. Other exposures that are known to cause lung cancer include cigarette smoke, welding fumes, and asbestos. All of these exposures may interact with diesel exhaust to magnify your risk of lung cancer and should be kept to a minimum.
Some studies have suggested that workers exposed to diesel exhaust are more likely to have chronic respiratory symptoms (such as a persistent cough and mucous), bronchitis, and reduced lung capacity than unexposed workers.
People with preexisting diseases, such as emphysema, asthma, and heart disease, may be more susceptible to the effects of diesel exhaust.
Studies in animals suggest that diesel exhaust may have other effects as well:
• Mice developed skin cancer when extracts of diesel exhaust were applied to their skin.
• Diesel exhaust caused lung injury in exposed laboratory animals.
• Exposure to diesel exhaust reduced animals' resistance to bacterial infection.
• Laboratory animals exposed to high concentrations of diesel gases showed a reduced level of activity and coordination.
In addition, many of the individual components of diesel exhaust are known to be hazardous. For example, nitrogen oxides can damage the lungs, and carbon monoxide can aggravate heart disease and affect coordination.
Control of Diesel Exhaust
Substitution
Where possible, replace diesel engines with propane-burning engines. Propane burns more completely and more cleanly than diesel fuel.
Ventilation
Diesel exhaust in garages, warehouses, or other enclosed areas should be controlled using ventilation.
Local exhaust ventilation is the best way to reduce potential hazards from diesel exhaust. A good ventilation system should include both intake and exhaust fans that remove harmful fumes at their source. Tailpipe or stack exhaust hoses should be provided for any vehicle being run in a maintenance shop.
General ventilation uses roof vents, open doors and windows, roof fans, or floor fans to move air through the work area. This is not as effective as local exhaust ventilation and may simply spread the fumes around the work area. General ventilation may be helpful, however, when used to supplement local exhaust ventilation.
Isolate the Worker
Another way of controlling diesel exhaust exposures is to isolate the worker from diesel fumes.
• Trucks should have air-conditioned cabs to isolate the driver from fumes (Windows should be rolled up so that fumes do not seep inside).
• Toll booth collectors can be protected from fumes by working in air-conditioned booths.
Safe Work Practices
Following the safe work practices below can also reduce exposure to diesel exhaust:
• Fuel grade 1K should be used instead of Diesel 1. Grade 1K is more expensive but burns more cleanly.
• All diesel equipment should have regular maintenance and frequent tune-ups. The exhaust system should be checked for leaking fumes.
• Vehicles should be fitted with emission control devices (air cleaners), such as collectors, scrubbers, and ceramic particle traps. Air cleaners should be checked regularly and replaced when they get dirty.
• Prolonged idling of machinery should be avoided. A worker should not be in the vehicle when it is idling for a long period.
• Any cracks in the vehicle should be fitted with weather stripping to prevent fumes from seeping in.
• The floor of the vehicle should not have any holes.
Personal Protective Equipment
Respirators are usually the least effective method of controlling exposures, and they should be used only as a last resort. For diesel exhaust, a combination air-purifying respirator that protects against acid gases, organic vapors, and particulates should be used.
It is not enough for your employer to toss you a respirator and tell you to go to work. Respirators must be specific to the hazard and fitted, cleaned, stored, inspected, and maintained in accordance with OSHA's respirator standard.
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-The user reply contains accurate information regarding the health effects of diesel exhaust and control measures. No amendments needed. (1 Acknowledge point)
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OSHA E-Learning around lead and working near smelters
[Lead: Secondary Lead Smelter eTool](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/leadsmelter/index.html)
From Canada, Calgary
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[Lead: Secondary Lead Smelter eTool](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/leadsmelter/index.html)
From Canada, Calgary
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Chemical risks are everywhere. Labels under WHMIS or Global Harmonization, Dangerous Goods or HazMat, and fire. Can you read the fire label in the blink of an eye and understand the risk?
[Emergency Planning for Chemical Spills - Chemicals in the Workplace](http://www.chemicalspill.org/ChemicalsWorkPlace/fire.html)
From Canada, Calgary
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[Emergency Planning for Chemical Spills - Chemicals in the Workplace](http://www.chemicalspill.org/ChemicalsWorkPlace/fire.html)
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-[response] The user's reply contains relevant information on chemical risks, WHMIS, and emergency planning. However, the link provided should be reviewed for credibility. (1 Acknowledge point)
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CHEMICAL REACTIONS
EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS:
When one substance is brought together or mixed with another and the resulting interaction evolves or generates heat, the process is referred to as an exothermic reaction. An exothermic (exo- is a prefix meaning "out of") reaction is one where the energy flows out of the system into the environment. Combustion reactions are exothermic. Some exothermic reactions may require heating just to get started, and will then proceed on their own.
Exothermic reactions pose special hazards whether occurring in the open environment or within a closed container. In the open, the heat evolved will raise the temperature of the reactants, of any products of the reaction, and of surrounding materials. Since several properties of all substances are a function of temperature, such as pressure, the resulting higher temperatures may affect how the materials involved behave in the environment.
Heat will increase the vapor pressures of hazardous materials and the rate at which they vaporize. If very high temperatures are achieved, nearby combustible materials may ignite. Explosive materials, whether they are the reactants of the reaction or just nearby, may explode upon ignition or excessive heating.
Emergency Planning for Chemical Spills - Chemicals in the Workplace
and including toxic effects
Emergency Planning for Chemical Spills - Chemicals in the Workplace
OTHER TYPES OF TOXIC AGENTS:
• Hepatotoxic agents - materials that cause liver damage.
• Nephrotoxic agents - materials that cause kidney damage.
• Neurotoxic agents - substances that in one way or another impact the nervous system and possibly cause neurological damage.
• Carcinogens - substances that may incite or produce cancer within some part of the body.
• Mutagens - can produce changes in the genetic materials of cells.
• Teratogenic - materials may have adverse effects on sperm, eggs, and/or fetal tissue.
• Hematopoietic system (blood) - Some chemicals can affect the blood and the blood-forming tissues.
From Canada, Calgary
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EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS:
When one substance is brought together or mixed with another and the resulting interaction evolves or generates heat, the process is referred to as an exothermic reaction. An exothermic (exo- is a prefix meaning "out of") reaction is one where the energy flows out of the system into the environment. Combustion reactions are exothermic. Some exothermic reactions may require heating just to get started, and will then proceed on their own.
Exothermic reactions pose special hazards whether occurring in the open environment or within a closed container. In the open, the heat evolved will raise the temperature of the reactants, of any products of the reaction, and of surrounding materials. Since several properties of all substances are a function of temperature, such as pressure, the resulting higher temperatures may affect how the materials involved behave in the environment.
Heat will increase the vapor pressures of hazardous materials and the rate at which they vaporize. If very high temperatures are achieved, nearby combustible materials may ignite. Explosive materials, whether they are the reactants of the reaction or just nearby, may explode upon ignition or excessive heating.
Emergency Planning for Chemical Spills - Chemicals in the Workplace
and including toxic effects
Emergency Planning for Chemical Spills - Chemicals in the Workplace
OTHER TYPES OF TOXIC AGENTS:
• Hepatotoxic agents - materials that cause liver damage.
• Nephrotoxic agents - materials that cause kidney damage.
• Neurotoxic agents - substances that in one way or another impact the nervous system and possibly cause neurological damage.
• Carcinogens - substances that may incite or produce cancer within some part of the body.
• Mutagens - can produce changes in the genetic materials of cells.
• Teratogenic - materials may have adverse effects on sperm, eggs, and/or fetal tissue.
• Hematopoietic system (blood) - Some chemicals can affect the blood and the blood-forming tissues.
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-The user reply provides accurate information on exothermic reactions and toxic agents in the workplace. The details align with safety considerations in dealing with hazardous materials. (1 Acknowledge point)
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Guess what small tool helps us reach and causes more industrial incidents than cars on the road?
Ladders
For those who enjoy the video world:
YouTube - Ladder Safety
Ladder Safety Tips Video
Ladder Safety: Cleaning a Pool Screen Enclosure | eHow.co.uk
Trading Spaces: Carpenter Tips: Ladder safety : Video : TLC
YouTube - Ladder Safety
CPWR Don't Fall For It Ladder Safety Video
YouTube - Fun With Ladders
Step Ladder Accident - Some guy is sawing a branch from a
From Canada, Calgary
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Ladders
For those who enjoy the video world:
YouTube - Ladder Safety
Ladder Safety Tips Video
Ladder Safety: Cleaning a Pool Screen Enclosure | eHow.co.uk
Trading Spaces: Carpenter Tips: Ladder safety : Video : TLC
YouTube - Ladder Safety
CPWR Don't Fall For It Ladder Safety Video
YouTube - Fun With Ladders
Step Ladder Accident - Some guy is sawing a branch from a
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-[The user reply contains relevant and accurate information on ladder safety videos, aligning with the original post's context. Great contribution!] (1 Acknowledge point)
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Dear Penney, Thanks for sharing a wonderful messages. . . Keep on sharing. . . Note: Due to network problem i cant upload video/files i will add some more for us keep on watching. . .
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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Hand and power tools are integral to the efficiency of our workplaces, but they are also extremely dangerous and account for hundreds of thousands of injuries every year. Safe use of these tools is imperative for a healthy and productive workplace. Here is a list of things never to do with a hand or power tool.
Never start work without scanning your work area for possible hazards. Make sure that the cord won't get caught on any materials and that the work area is clean. A clean and organized work area is the first step to efficiency and safety.
Never work without personal protective equipment. Goggles, gloves, and other PPE save many eyes and hands every year. Never work without them!
Never forget to secure the materials you are working on, especially with power tools. Kick-back is when a power tool sends its energy away from cutting or punching and either violently into the material or back towards the tool. Either way, it can cause serious injury.
Never use a power tool with one hand. Kick-back and slipping will occur eventually and could cause serious injury.
Never use a hammer or screwdriver without first "seating" the nail or screw. Tap the nail or screw in with a hammer and get your hand away from the nail or screw. Never use full force with your hand still in the area.
Never use a screwdriver that has a blade that is too big or small for the job. Always fit the blade to the screw. It will decrease your chances of injury exponentially.
Never use a hammer to turn a wrench or pliers. Inevitably, the hammer will bounce off and hit you or someone else.
Never forget to sharpen your blades. Hand knives and power saws are safer when they are sharp. It reduces kick-back and makes every operation go smoother.
Here are a few simple metal-specific rules to observe to make your metal crafting experiences safe and sound:
• Don't grasp metal pieces tightly. A light grip will prevent cuts and slices.
• Never run your fingers along the raw edge.
• When using a tin snip or other cutting tool, keep the cutter deep in the cut as you move along. Avoid making short cuts and creating small burrs along the cut line.
• Beginners might want to wear gloves for protection, but you can get a better feel for metalcraft without them, so as soon as you're familiar with the tools and materials, you'll probably want to work bare-handed. Start your child out with gloves, and when she appears to be ready, let her try working without them.
• Whenever possible, use a well-mounted vice to grip your piece while you're working on it. This may not always be practical, but consider it whenever you can. Use a rag or a piece of scrap leather to cushion the metal and keep from marring it.
• Don't brush scraps of metal into the trash with your hands. Always use a brush or even a piece of stiff cardboard to push them along.
• Don't rush yourself. Take your time, and you'll be less likely to injure yourself.
• Work with adequate light. If possible, use both natural and artificial light. Metal shines, which makes it difficult to see clearly under certain lighting conditions.
By keeping the following 10 safety issues in mind, it is possible to work satisfactorily and safely with power tools.
1. Safety glasses: These prevent dust, debris, wood shavings, shards from fiberglass, etc., from getting into the eyes. Safety glasses are one of the most basic pieces of safety equipment that must be used when working with power tools.
2. Protection for the ears: Power tools can generate a lot of noise, which may sound louder in the cloistered environment of a workshop; in order to minimize damage to the ears, it is advisable to wear earplugs.
3. Knowing the right tools for the job: It is important to know the right tools for the job to avoid injury to oneself and damage to the materials. To this end, it is advisable to thoroughly read the instruction manuals provided with the equipment and get familiar with the recommended safety precautions.
4. Correct method of using tools: Tools should not be carried by their cords; tools that are not in use should be disconnected; and while handling a tool connected to a power source, fingers should be kept away from the on/off switch.
5. The right clothes: Long hair should be tied, and loose clothing should be avoided. Ideally, clothing that covers the entire body should be worn, and heavy gloves should be used to avoid sharp implements and splinters from hurting the hands. Masks prevent the inhalation of harmful minute particles of the material being worked upon. Steel-toed work boots and hard hats can also be worn.
6. Tool inspection: Power tools should not be employed in wet environments and should never be dipped in water; they should be checked periodically for exposed wiring, damaged plugs, and loose plug pins. Nicked cords can be taped, but if a cut appears to be deep, a cord should be replaced. Tools that are damaged or those that sound and feel different when used should be checked and repaired.
7. Cleanliness in the work area: This should be maintained because accumulated dust particles in the air can ignite with a spark. Of course, flammable liquids should be kept covered and away from the place where power tools are being used. An uncluttered work area also makes it easy to maneuver the power tool; often distractions caused by a tangled cord can result in an accident.
8. Care with particular tools: Miter saws and table saws should be used with a quick-release clamp and a wood push-through, respectively. Extra care should be taken while using nail guns and power belt sanders.
9. Keep tools in place: Power tools should be returned to their cabinets after use to prevent them from being used by an unauthorized and incapable person.
10. Lighting: It is important to use proper lighting while working with power tools, particularly when working in the basement and garage where lighting may not be satisfactory.
From Canada, Calgary
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Never start work without scanning your work area for possible hazards. Make sure that the cord won't get caught on any materials and that the work area is clean. A clean and organized work area is the first step to efficiency and safety.
Never work without personal protective equipment. Goggles, gloves, and other PPE save many eyes and hands every year. Never work without them!
Never forget to secure the materials you are working on, especially with power tools. Kick-back is when a power tool sends its energy away from cutting or punching and either violently into the material or back towards the tool. Either way, it can cause serious injury.
Never use a power tool with one hand. Kick-back and slipping will occur eventually and could cause serious injury.
Never use a hammer or screwdriver without first "seating" the nail or screw. Tap the nail or screw in with a hammer and get your hand away from the nail or screw. Never use full force with your hand still in the area.
Never use a screwdriver that has a blade that is too big or small for the job. Always fit the blade to the screw. It will decrease your chances of injury exponentially.
Never use a hammer to turn a wrench or pliers. Inevitably, the hammer will bounce off and hit you or someone else.
Never forget to sharpen your blades. Hand knives and power saws are safer when they are sharp. It reduces kick-back and makes every operation go smoother.
Here are a few simple metal-specific rules to observe to make your metal crafting experiences safe and sound:
• Don't grasp metal pieces tightly. A light grip will prevent cuts and slices.
• Never run your fingers along the raw edge.
• When using a tin snip or other cutting tool, keep the cutter deep in the cut as you move along. Avoid making short cuts and creating small burrs along the cut line.
• Beginners might want to wear gloves for protection, but you can get a better feel for metalcraft without them, so as soon as you're familiar with the tools and materials, you'll probably want to work bare-handed. Start your child out with gloves, and when she appears to be ready, let her try working without them.
• Whenever possible, use a well-mounted vice to grip your piece while you're working on it. This may not always be practical, but consider it whenever you can. Use a rag or a piece of scrap leather to cushion the metal and keep from marring it.
• Don't brush scraps of metal into the trash with your hands. Always use a brush or even a piece of stiff cardboard to push them along.
• Don't rush yourself. Take your time, and you'll be less likely to injure yourself.
• Work with adequate light. If possible, use both natural and artificial light. Metal shines, which makes it difficult to see clearly under certain lighting conditions.
By keeping the following 10 safety issues in mind, it is possible to work satisfactorily and safely with power tools.
1. Safety glasses: These prevent dust, debris, wood shavings, shards from fiberglass, etc., from getting into the eyes. Safety glasses are one of the most basic pieces of safety equipment that must be used when working with power tools.
2. Protection for the ears: Power tools can generate a lot of noise, which may sound louder in the cloistered environment of a workshop; in order to minimize damage to the ears, it is advisable to wear earplugs.
3. Knowing the right tools for the job: It is important to know the right tools for the job to avoid injury to oneself and damage to the materials. To this end, it is advisable to thoroughly read the instruction manuals provided with the equipment and get familiar with the recommended safety precautions.
4. Correct method of using tools: Tools should not be carried by their cords; tools that are not in use should be disconnected; and while handling a tool connected to a power source, fingers should be kept away from the on/off switch.
5. The right clothes: Long hair should be tied, and loose clothing should be avoided. Ideally, clothing that covers the entire body should be worn, and heavy gloves should be used to avoid sharp implements and splinters from hurting the hands. Masks prevent the inhalation of harmful minute particles of the material being worked upon. Steel-toed work boots and hard hats can also be worn.
6. Tool inspection: Power tools should not be employed in wet environments and should never be dipped in water; they should be checked periodically for exposed wiring, damaged plugs, and loose plug pins. Nicked cords can be taped, but if a cut appears to be deep, a cord should be replaced. Tools that are damaged or those that sound and feel different when used should be checked and repaired.
7. Cleanliness in the work area: This should be maintained because accumulated dust particles in the air can ignite with a spark. Of course, flammable liquids should be kept covered and away from the place where power tools are being used. An uncluttered work area also makes it easy to maneuver the power tool; often distractions caused by a tangled cord can result in an accident.
8. Care with particular tools: Miter saws and table saws should be used with a quick-release clamp and a wood push-through, respectively. Extra care should be taken while using nail guns and power belt sanders.
9. Keep tools in place: Power tools should be returned to their cabinets after use to prevent them from being used by an unauthorized and incapable person.
10. Lighting: It is important to use proper lighting while working with power tools, particularly when working in the basement and garage where lighting may not be satisfactory.
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-The user reply provides accurate and comprehensive information on the safe use of hand and power tools. The tips align with best practices for workplace safety. (1 Acknowledge point)
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How to Select the Right Concrete Saw Blades For Making Professional Cuts in Concrete
Your investment in a well-engineered concrete saw blade is well justified by productivity gains, reduced downtime, stunningly smooth surface, and long service life. Whether you are enhancing concrete with decorative scoring, sawing control joints, or cutting or replacing it, you can’t think of doing the job without a top-quality saw blade. Like an expert chef needs assortments of knives to prepare various gourmet specialties, you will need types of blades to perform all the cutting tasks.
Have a look at the tips for reducing annual maintenance costs, less dusting, and enhancing the aesthetic value of your floor.
Try to match the blade as closely as possible to the material you are going to cut. For maximum cutting speed and blade life, you must know the size and hardness of the materials you are going to cut and its compressive strength.
The hardness of the floor will help you determine the operating speed you will need to complete the task.
For drilling or coring functions, determine how large a hole you want to drill. Then observe the tools’ maximum capacities and ranges.
Look for the versatile tool that has a characteristic of easily interchangeable accessories.
Having a good understanding of concrete is paramount before you even consider operating the machine. On hard concrete, you need a soft bonded diamond, while on soft concrete, you need a hard bonded diamond.
Go with a lightweight portable diamond saw blade if you want some freedom of movement or want to perform the job hassle-free. Prefer a cordless tool if you are always on the plan to move.
While concrete finishing tools don’t vary in design from a manufacturer to a manufacturer, they can vary in quality. Always go for the finishing tool that is high in performance.
The size of the saw that will be needed also depends on the nature of the job. One factor is whether the application is a heavy construction job or if it is a job that needs to be done around the home. The saws, with their diamond blades, are able to cut through large pieces of concrete in a short period of time and help make even the largest concrete cutting applications easier and less time-consuming.
Understanding these tips and knowing which finishing tools work best should be the key factors guiding your purchasing decision. To get a better return on investment, it is also important to hone your finishing skills to wield the concrete saw tools properly.
From Canada, Calgary
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Your investment in a well-engineered concrete saw blade is well justified by productivity gains, reduced downtime, stunningly smooth surface, and long service life. Whether you are enhancing concrete with decorative scoring, sawing control joints, or cutting or replacing it, you can’t think of doing the job without a top-quality saw blade. Like an expert chef needs assortments of knives to prepare various gourmet specialties, you will need types of blades to perform all the cutting tasks.
Have a look at the tips for reducing annual maintenance costs, less dusting, and enhancing the aesthetic value of your floor.
Try to match the blade as closely as possible to the material you are going to cut. For maximum cutting speed and blade life, you must know the size and hardness of the materials you are going to cut and its compressive strength.
The hardness of the floor will help you determine the operating speed you will need to complete the task.
For drilling or coring functions, determine how large a hole you want to drill. Then observe the tools’ maximum capacities and ranges.
Look for the versatile tool that has a characteristic of easily interchangeable accessories.
Having a good understanding of concrete is paramount before you even consider operating the machine. On hard concrete, you need a soft bonded diamond, while on soft concrete, you need a hard bonded diamond.
Go with a lightweight portable diamond saw blade if you want some freedom of movement or want to perform the job hassle-free. Prefer a cordless tool if you are always on the plan to move.
While concrete finishing tools don’t vary in design from a manufacturer to a manufacturer, they can vary in quality. Always go for the finishing tool that is high in performance.
The size of the saw that will be needed also depends on the nature of the job. One factor is whether the application is a heavy construction job or if it is a job that needs to be done around the home. The saws, with their diamond blades, are able to cut through large pieces of concrete in a short period of time and help make even the largest concrete cutting applications easier and less time-consuming.
Understanding these tips and knowing which finishing tools work best should be the key factors guiding your purchasing decision. To get a better return on investment, it is also important to hone your finishing skills to wield the concrete saw tools properly.
From Canada, Calgary
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The keys to sharing information are just that - sharing. Regardless of your company or your role within it, every employee, from management to the worker, has something valuable to share.
So, whether it's a question that any of us could answer, a training program, or a safety poster, sharing comes in many forms, and there is no single best way to do it.
Therefore, the key is to share your ideas, share your materials, share your questions, or expert advice. Remember, your sharing of materials could potentially save someone else's life. Learning is a lifelong effort.
tp
From Canada, Calgary
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So, whether it's a question that any of us could answer, a training program, or a safety poster, sharing comes in many forms, and there is no single best way to do it.
Therefore, the key is to share your ideas, share your materials, share your questions, or expert advice. Remember, your sharing of materials could potentially save someone else's life. Learning is a lifelong effort.
tp
From Canada, Calgary
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Ok, I'll lead by example. Here are a few things I put together for today; some may be useful to some and useless to others. It may not be of interest today, but in three days, someone may ask that question.
A safety library is like family: you may not see or talk to them every day, but when you need an uncle or aunt's advice or knowledge, you know where to find them.
HOW CLOSE IS YOUR SAFETY FAMILY TO YOU WHEN YOU NEED THEM?
So, I have led in good faith with my material that I wrote. Now, what have you got? Either by something you have read or written, or even a simple question that many of our good folks could answer for you.
LET ME SEE WHAT YOU'VE GOT - PLEASE!
From Canada, Calgary
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A safety library is like family: you may not see or talk to them every day, but when you need an uncle or aunt's advice or knowledge, you know where to find them.
HOW CLOSE IS YOUR SAFETY FAMILY TO YOU WHEN YOU NEED THEM?
So, I have led in good faith with my material that I wrote. Now, what have you got? Either by something you have read or written, or even a simple question that many of our good folks could answer for you.
LET ME SEE WHAT YOU'VE GOT - PLEASE!
From Canada, Calgary
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Dear Penny,
Thank you for sharing your expertise with us. Sharing knowledge is not about giving people something or getting something from them; this concept is only valid for information sharing. True knowledge sharing happens when individuals are genuinely interested in helping one another develop new capacities for action. It is about creating learning processes.
Keep on sharing.
Again, thank you, Mr. Penny.
From United States, Fpo
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Thank you for sharing your expertise with us. Sharing knowledge is not about giving people something or getting something from them; this concept is only valid for information sharing. True knowledge sharing happens when individuals are genuinely interested in helping one another develop new capacities for action. It is about creating learning processes.
Keep on sharing.
Again, thank you, Mr. Penny.
From United States, Fpo
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Dear all,
Another funny safety video from the side. "In today's environment, hoarding knowledge ultimately erodes your power. If you know something very important, the way to gain power is by actually sharing it."
Keep on sharing. . .
From United States, Fpo
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Another funny safety video from the side. "In today's environment, hoarding knowledge ultimately erodes your power. If you know something very important, the way to gain power is by actually sharing it."
Keep on sharing. . .
From United States, Fpo
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Couldnt agree with you more my friend By the way did I answer Mr.abhay question you sent me ok plus all the power point training I sent
From Canada, Calgary
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From Canada, Calgary
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We talk a mean picture.
A picture of incidents, reports, and inspections, or injuries and causes of injuries, or best business practices to IRP (Industry Recognized Practices) from laws to regulatory reviews and findings.
What we're talking about is people in work environments, but we too need time to smile, laugh, and wonder out loud (how did that guy live so long with that kind of safety attitude). Well, even in Britain, they have a TV series on it, similar to the Napo ones they have out with real people and events (or at least for the TV).
Here is a laugh at my expense--- okay, maybe two or three.
- [Safety is First - Egyptian Style #humour - MaxQ8's Posterous](http://2dmax.posterous.com/safety-is-first-egyptian-style)
- [Literal Safety Dance - CollegeHumor video](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&amp;source=video&amp;cd=23&am p;ved=0CD8QtwIwAjgU&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.c ollegehumor.com%2Fvideo%3A1925909&amp;ei=SxIzT YTECZH4sAO4gqzVBQ&amp;usg=AFQjCNGEOs_NOWyEuMCS rTybzIaJrbgQGg&amp;sig2=U7qraLMVALbrkGpDAPvJAQ )
- [Safety Geeks: SVI Episode 4 Hot Poses and Sh** from Pith-e Productions](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&amp;source=video&amp;cd=21&am p;ved=0CDUQtwIwADgU&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.f unnyordie.co.uk%2Fvideos%2Fe2c7add63e%2Fsafety-geeks-svi-episode-4-hot-poses-and-shit&amp;ei=SxIzTYTECZH4sAO4gqzVBQ&amp;usg =AFQjCNFKduX-csrBQ_Z-xe8tPTKjDQKWKQ&amp;sig2=qcGpBxreZpBIKM-7kL0CVQ)
And Canada's all-time safety guy:
Red Green
- [Seatbelt Mods | iLaugh.com](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&amp;source=video&amp;cd=70&am p;ved=0CGMQtwIwCTg8&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.i laugh.com%2Fred_green_show%2Fhandymans_corner%2Fse atbelt_mods&amp;ei=VxMzTYa8IYSosQPl-u3lBQ&amp;usg=AFQjCNESvjarKtnf4m2sKcDcJuI68Dg6 RQ&amp;sig2=20up1V2cePQ04muBG4upqA)
Please review the links provided for a little laughter about safety without the blood.
From Canada, Calgary
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A picture of incidents, reports, and inspections, or injuries and causes of injuries, or best business practices to IRP (Industry Recognized Practices) from laws to regulatory reviews and findings.
What we're talking about is people in work environments, but we too need time to smile, laugh, and wonder out loud (how did that guy live so long with that kind of safety attitude). Well, even in Britain, they have a TV series on it, similar to the Napo ones they have out with real people and events (or at least for the TV).
Here is a laugh at my expense--- okay, maybe two or three.
- [Safety is First - Egyptian Style #humour - MaxQ8's Posterous](http://2dmax.posterous.com/safety-is-first-egyptian-style)
- [Literal Safety Dance - CollegeHumor video](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&amp;source=video&amp;cd=23&am p;ved=0CD8QtwIwAjgU&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.c ollegehumor.com%2Fvideo%3A1925909&amp;ei=SxIzT YTECZH4sAO4gqzVBQ&amp;usg=AFQjCNGEOs_NOWyEuMCS rTybzIaJrbgQGg&amp;sig2=U7qraLMVALbrkGpDAPvJAQ )
- [Safety Geeks: SVI Episode 4 Hot Poses and Sh** from Pith-e Productions](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&amp;source=video&amp;cd=21&am p;ved=0CDUQtwIwADgU&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.f unnyordie.co.uk%2Fvideos%2Fe2c7add63e%2Fsafety-geeks-svi-episode-4-hot-poses-and-shit&amp;ei=SxIzTYTECZH4sAO4gqzVBQ&amp;usg =AFQjCNFKduX-csrBQ_Z-xe8tPTKjDQKWKQ&amp;sig2=qcGpBxreZpBIKM-7kL0CVQ)
And Canada's all-time safety guy:
Red Green
- [Seatbelt Mods | iLaugh.com](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&amp;source=video&amp;cd=70&am p;ved=0CGMQtwIwCTg8&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.i laugh.com%2Fred_green_show%2Fhandymans_corner%2Fse atbelt_mods&amp;ei=VxMzTYa8IYSosQPl-u3lBQ&amp;usg=AFQjCNESvjarKtnf4m2sKcDcJuI68Dg6 RQ&amp;sig2=20up1V2cePQ04muBG4upqA)
Please review the links provided for a little laughter about safety without the blood.
From Canada, Calgary
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General Power Saw Tips:
Never look away from your work when operating a power saw. When beginning, let the saw reach full speed before cutting and support the work firmly so it won't shift. If the saw stalls, switch off the power and unplug the tool before trying to restart it. Stop working and turn off the power saw you are working with if distracted by something or someone. Never use your hands to clear the scraps from a sawing worktable. Instead, use a long stick. When working with metal, secure the metal materials with clamps or in a machinist's vise to keep it from moving.
Tool Specific Tips
Table Saws:
Adjust the table saw blade to project about 1/8 inch above the wood. Make certain the workpiece is out of contact with the blade when starting or stopping the saw. Keep the body out of the way. Use a push stick when ripping narrow strips. Lower the saw blade below the tabletop when work is finished.
Radial Arm Saws:
When cross-cutting wood, lay the stock solidly on the table and against the back guide. The saw blade should rotate downward as viewed by the operator. Pull the saw with one hand while the stock is held with the other hand. Never reach across the line of cut. When making miter cuts, secure the locking devices to prevent the saw from changing angles or digging in. Return the saw to the rear position after completing a cut.
Band Saws:
Keep the saw blade set evenly and with the correct tension. Push the stock through the blade with the hands on both sides of the line of cut.
Hand-Held Circular Saws:
Do not work in wet areas unless standing on a dry surface and make certain the saw is properly grounded. Do not clamp or wedge the guard in the open position. Keep your finger off the trigger when carrying the saw. Do not cut the power cord. Wait until the blade stops before laying down the saw. When finished, unplug the saw and put it out of the reach of children.
Saber Saws:
Select the proper blade for the job. Make sure it is sharp, undamaged, and securely tightened in place. Do not turn on the saw when the blade is in contact with the workpiece. Hold the saw firmly with one hand and steady the work with the other. Keep your hand and other objects clear of the blade.
Portable Circular Saw Safety Precautions:
Always wear safety goggles or safety glasses with side shields complying with the current national standard and a full face shield when needed. Use a dust mask in dusty work conditions. Wear hearing protection during extended periods of operation. Don't wear loose clothing, jewelry, or dangling objects, including long hair, that may catch in rotating parts or accessories. Don't use a circular saw that is too heavy for you to easily control. Be sure the switch actuates properly. It should turn the tool on and return to the off position after release. Use sharp blades. Dull blades cause binding, stalling, and possible kickback. Use the correct blade for the application. Check this carefully. Does it have the proper size and shape arbor hole? Is the speed marked on the blade at least as high as the no-load RPM on the saw's nameplate? Is the blade guard working? Check for proper operation before each cut. Check often to ensure that guards return to their normal position quickly. If a guard seems slow to return or hangs up, repair or adjust it immediately. Never defeat the guard to expose the blade, for example tying it back or removing it. Before starting a circular saw, be sure the power cord and extension cord are out of the blade path and are long enough to freely complete the cut. Keep aware of the cord location. A sudden jerk or pulling on the cord can cause loss of control of the saw. For maximum control, hold the saw firmly with both hands after securing the workpiece. Clamp workpieces. Check frequently to be sure clamps remain secure. Avoid cutting small pieces that can't be properly secured and material on which the saw shoe can't properly rest. When you start the saw, allow the blade to reach full speed before contacting the workplace. When making a partial cut, or if power is interrupted, release the trigger immediately and don't remove the saw until the blade has come to a complete stop.
Portable Circular Saws:
All portable, power-driven circular saws having a blade diameter greater than two inches must be equipped with guards. The upper guard must cover the saw to the depth of the teeth. The lower guard must also cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to allow proper retraction and contact with the work. When the tool is withdrawn from the work, the lower guard must automatically and instantly return to the covering position.
Switches and Controls:
All hand-held powered circular saws having a blade diameter greater than two inches must be equipped with a constant pressure switch or control that will shut off the power when the pressure is released.
Miter Box Saws and Chop Saws:
Stay alert to keeping hands and fingers away from the blade's path as it has a downward cutting motion. Be sure all guards are in place and working. If a guard seems slow to return to its normal position, adjust or repair it immediately. Use only recommended size and RPM rated blades. When installing or changing a blade, be sure the blade and related washers and fasteners are correctly positioned and secured on the saw arbor.
From Canada, Calgary
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Never look away from your work when operating a power saw. When beginning, let the saw reach full speed before cutting and support the work firmly so it won't shift. If the saw stalls, switch off the power and unplug the tool before trying to restart it. Stop working and turn off the power saw you are working with if distracted by something or someone. Never use your hands to clear the scraps from a sawing worktable. Instead, use a long stick. When working with metal, secure the metal materials with clamps or in a machinist's vise to keep it from moving.
Tool Specific Tips
Table Saws:
Adjust the table saw blade to project about 1/8 inch above the wood. Make certain the workpiece is out of contact with the blade when starting or stopping the saw. Keep the body out of the way. Use a push stick when ripping narrow strips. Lower the saw blade below the tabletop when work is finished.
Radial Arm Saws:
When cross-cutting wood, lay the stock solidly on the table and against the back guide. The saw blade should rotate downward as viewed by the operator. Pull the saw with one hand while the stock is held with the other hand. Never reach across the line of cut. When making miter cuts, secure the locking devices to prevent the saw from changing angles or digging in. Return the saw to the rear position after completing a cut.
Band Saws:
Keep the saw blade set evenly and with the correct tension. Push the stock through the blade with the hands on both sides of the line of cut.
Hand-Held Circular Saws:
Do not work in wet areas unless standing on a dry surface and make certain the saw is properly grounded. Do not clamp or wedge the guard in the open position. Keep your finger off the trigger when carrying the saw. Do not cut the power cord. Wait until the blade stops before laying down the saw. When finished, unplug the saw and put it out of the reach of children.
Saber Saws:
Select the proper blade for the job. Make sure it is sharp, undamaged, and securely tightened in place. Do not turn on the saw when the blade is in contact with the workpiece. Hold the saw firmly with one hand and steady the work with the other. Keep your hand and other objects clear of the blade.
Portable Circular Saw Safety Precautions:
Always wear safety goggles or safety glasses with side shields complying with the current national standard and a full face shield when needed. Use a dust mask in dusty work conditions. Wear hearing protection during extended periods of operation. Don't wear loose clothing, jewelry, or dangling objects, including long hair, that may catch in rotating parts or accessories. Don't use a circular saw that is too heavy for you to easily control. Be sure the switch actuates properly. It should turn the tool on and return to the off position after release. Use sharp blades. Dull blades cause binding, stalling, and possible kickback. Use the correct blade for the application. Check this carefully. Does it have the proper size and shape arbor hole? Is the speed marked on the blade at least as high as the no-load RPM on the saw's nameplate? Is the blade guard working? Check for proper operation before each cut. Check often to ensure that guards return to their normal position quickly. If a guard seems slow to return or hangs up, repair or adjust it immediately. Never defeat the guard to expose the blade, for example tying it back or removing it. Before starting a circular saw, be sure the power cord and extension cord are out of the blade path and are long enough to freely complete the cut. Keep aware of the cord location. A sudden jerk or pulling on the cord can cause loss of control of the saw. For maximum control, hold the saw firmly with both hands after securing the workpiece. Clamp workpieces. Check frequently to be sure clamps remain secure. Avoid cutting small pieces that can't be properly secured and material on which the saw shoe can't properly rest. When you start the saw, allow the blade to reach full speed before contacting the workplace. When making a partial cut, or if power is interrupted, release the trigger immediately and don't remove the saw until the blade has come to a complete stop.
Portable Circular Saws:
All portable, power-driven circular saws having a blade diameter greater than two inches must be equipped with guards. The upper guard must cover the saw to the depth of the teeth. The lower guard must also cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to allow proper retraction and contact with the work. When the tool is withdrawn from the work, the lower guard must automatically and instantly return to the covering position.
Switches and Controls:
All hand-held powered circular saws having a blade diameter greater than two inches must be equipped with a constant pressure switch or control that will shut off the power when the pressure is released.
Miter Box Saws and Chop Saws:
Stay alert to keeping hands and fingers away from the blade's path as it has a downward cutting motion. Be sure all guards are in place and working. If a guard seems slow to return to its normal position, adjust or repair it immediately. Use only recommended size and RPM rated blades. When installing or changing a blade, be sure the blade and related washers and fasteners are correctly positioned and secured on the saw arbor.
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-The user's reply contains accurate safety tips for operating various power saws, aligning with industry best practices and safety regulations. (1 Acknowledge point)
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Back injuries - ask your doctor.
- [Lifting Safety: Tips to Help Prevent Back Injuries - familydoctor.org](http://familydoctor.org)
- *[Link updated to site home]*
- *(Search on [CiteHR](https://www.citehr.com/results.php?q=Lifting Safety Tips to Help Prevent Back Injuries familydoctor org) | [Google](https://www.google.com/search?q=Lifting Safety Tips to Help Prevent Back Injuries familydoctor org))*
[Injury Prevention and Safety - netwellness.org](http://www.netwellness.org/healthtopics/poison/)
Or just ask your doctor about other items of risk. The back is only one.
From Canada, Calgary
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- [Lifting Safety: Tips to Help Prevent Back Injuries - familydoctor.org](http://familydoctor.org)
- *[Link updated to site home]*
- *(Search on [CiteHR](https://www.citehr.com/results.php?q=Lifting Safety Tips to Help Prevent Back Injuries familydoctor org) | [Google](https://www.google.com/search?q=Lifting Safety Tips to Help Prevent Back Injuries familydoctor org))*
[Injury Prevention and Safety - netwellness.org](http://www.netwellness.org/healthtopics/poison/)
Or just ask your doctor about other items of risk. The back is only one.
From Canada, Calgary
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The challenge of managing the aspects of occupational health and safety (OH&S) in the workplace can often feel overwhelming. There are many legal, moral, and financial reasons for you to pay attention to OH&S obligations. With all of these challenges, it's important not to waste time, money, or place efforts on things that simply don't work. In terms of successfully managing OH&S issues, the following Top 10 list includes some of the common errors that organizations make.
1. Celebrate the lack of injuries and not the existence of safety
It's a huge mistake to focus on the lack of injuries as the measure of safety performance. I've met many people who can tell me of an unnoticed situation when they've taken a terrible risk on the job even though their well-being was at stake. Of course, companies should be happy when nobody gets hurt over an extended period of time, but it doesn't mean that you're "safe." Safety can't be defined as a lack of accidents. Safety is created by what we do, not what we avoid. Safety celebrations should also be shared with those people who have helped make your workplace safe, not those who have just been lucky!
2. Do safety to our employees and not with them
Rules imposed by others usually don't get needed "buy-in" to actually change behavior. It makes more sense to involve employees in the process of establishing safe behaviors and rules that apply in the workplace. This will lead to increased compliance. Challenging groups of employees to set and review standards of performance involves them in the essentials of safety.
3. Do safety for the government
In the early stages of developing a safety culture, companies can make the mistake of being "reluctant compliers." They're doing safety because the government is forcing them to do it. The value of managing safety is beneficial to a company's bottom line productivity and performance. True performance is all about doing safety to achieve added value. Safety is also about getting everyone home every night! It's important to remain in compliance with the applicable OH&S related laws, but don't do safety for the government—make your work safe and make it legal. Your company will thrive financially because of it.
4. Ignore the importance of the proper tools, equipment, materials, and workspace
The historic myth that unsafe behavior causes 88 percent of experienced incidents is simply not true. Unsafe behaviors are involved in all of the incidents that companies experience. The other part of the formula, which is often ignored by believing in this myth, is that unsafe conditions are also always present. You need to focus efforts on both safe behaviors and safe conditions (i.e., tools, equipment, materials, and work environment). If you only supply broken tools to people, don't be surprised when they get hurt. Good tools and equipment increase the chances that workers will do their work and not take unnecessary risks.
5. Ignore the culture of unsafe behavior
Not making safe behavior personal and not holding everyone accountable for making it safe at work is a huge mistake. Allowing employees to continue unsafe behavior is often disastrous. Not unlike playing team sports, it's crucial to take the opportunity and coach our fellow employees who aren't working safely. Again, we want all workers to go home safely at the end of a shift.
6. Miscalculate the power of groups actively caring about each other
Inviting co-workers to provide feedback and coaching when they see an unsafe act encourages the team approach to safety. Unless invited, your co-workers may feel reluctant to bring mistakes to the attention of management for fear of a poor reaction. We're in this together, so why not open up the discussion and invite everyone to overcome the challenges and work more safely.
7. Deliver safety programs to passive employees
I'm not sure what happened to make us believe that we could deliver safety to employees like pizza. The sooner that all workers are held accountable for safe production and not just production with safety added on, the better off we'll be. Challenging employees to come up with ways to work more safely is a well-documented, sure-fire way to increase safety performance.
8. Measure results and not the activities that create safety. Companies that define safety activities for all staff, including the CEO, are safer organizations
Demand that the measurement of safety involves tasks, such as investigations, hazard assessments, inspections, and attending meetings. This is what gets things done. Not applying these measures, however, ensures that safety activities will take a back seat to production every time.
9. Manage OH&S differently than you manage other business parts
Why would profitable and successful companies with a clear record of managing success implement a safety program that doesn't exactly replicate why they're successful in the first place? Manage safety exactly like the business itself to achieve similar results. There are too many organizations that manage safety differently than the business to the peril of their safety results. Workers and the management team are motivated to drive production results. So, why would you settle for anything less when it involves safety?
Far too often, companies are very positive and proactive when it comes to production activity. At the same time, however, they do the opposite by providing only negative safety reinforcement. As a condition of employment, safety is commonly used as a threat. This is true, but so is being on time and doing your job. In employee orientation sessions, it's a mistake to make negative consequences the key message. Obviously, you can't ignore unsafe behaviors, but stop making safety feel like a negative thing. There's nothing negative about doing work with a focus on safe production.
10. Hold safety meetings that everyone wants to avoid
I've spoken to thousands of employees in my career about the functionality of the safety meetings they attend. Overwhelmingly, people tell me they don't like what goes on in these meetings very much. The natural question is: "Why are we attending a meeting and not liking what's going on?" The answer is to simply fix the meetings. At your next safety meeting, stand up and tell folks you'd like to discuss how to make the meetings better in the future. Set a goal of not sitting silently at a safety meeting, which isn't addressing your needs. Just say no to unsuccessful safety meetings!
From Canada, Calgary
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1. Celebrate the lack of injuries and not the existence of safety
It's a huge mistake to focus on the lack of injuries as the measure of safety performance. I've met many people who can tell me of an unnoticed situation when they've taken a terrible risk on the job even though their well-being was at stake. Of course, companies should be happy when nobody gets hurt over an extended period of time, but it doesn't mean that you're "safe." Safety can't be defined as a lack of accidents. Safety is created by what we do, not what we avoid. Safety celebrations should also be shared with those people who have helped make your workplace safe, not those who have just been lucky!
2. Do safety to our employees and not with them
Rules imposed by others usually don't get needed "buy-in" to actually change behavior. It makes more sense to involve employees in the process of establishing safe behaviors and rules that apply in the workplace. This will lead to increased compliance. Challenging groups of employees to set and review standards of performance involves them in the essentials of safety.
3. Do safety for the government
In the early stages of developing a safety culture, companies can make the mistake of being "reluctant compliers." They're doing safety because the government is forcing them to do it. The value of managing safety is beneficial to a company's bottom line productivity and performance. True performance is all about doing safety to achieve added value. Safety is also about getting everyone home every night! It's important to remain in compliance with the applicable OH&S related laws, but don't do safety for the government—make your work safe and make it legal. Your company will thrive financially because of it.
4. Ignore the importance of the proper tools, equipment, materials, and workspace
The historic myth that unsafe behavior causes 88 percent of experienced incidents is simply not true. Unsafe behaviors are involved in all of the incidents that companies experience. The other part of the formula, which is often ignored by believing in this myth, is that unsafe conditions are also always present. You need to focus efforts on both safe behaviors and safe conditions (i.e., tools, equipment, materials, and work environment). If you only supply broken tools to people, don't be surprised when they get hurt. Good tools and equipment increase the chances that workers will do their work and not take unnecessary risks.
5. Ignore the culture of unsafe behavior
Not making safe behavior personal and not holding everyone accountable for making it safe at work is a huge mistake. Allowing employees to continue unsafe behavior is often disastrous. Not unlike playing team sports, it's crucial to take the opportunity and coach our fellow employees who aren't working safely. Again, we want all workers to go home safely at the end of a shift.
6. Miscalculate the power of groups actively caring about each other
Inviting co-workers to provide feedback and coaching when they see an unsafe act encourages the team approach to safety. Unless invited, your co-workers may feel reluctant to bring mistakes to the attention of management for fear of a poor reaction. We're in this together, so why not open up the discussion and invite everyone to overcome the challenges and work more safely.
7. Deliver safety programs to passive employees
I'm not sure what happened to make us believe that we could deliver safety to employees like pizza. The sooner that all workers are held accountable for safe production and not just production with safety added on, the better off we'll be. Challenging employees to come up with ways to work more safely is a well-documented, sure-fire way to increase safety performance.
8. Measure results and not the activities that create safety. Companies that define safety activities for all staff, including the CEO, are safer organizations
Demand that the measurement of safety involves tasks, such as investigations, hazard assessments, inspections, and attending meetings. This is what gets things done. Not applying these measures, however, ensures that safety activities will take a back seat to production every time.
9. Manage OH&S differently than you manage other business parts
Why would profitable and successful companies with a clear record of managing success implement a safety program that doesn't exactly replicate why they're successful in the first place? Manage safety exactly like the business itself to achieve similar results. There are too many organizations that manage safety differently than the business to the peril of their safety results. Workers and the management team are motivated to drive production results. So, why would you settle for anything less when it involves safety?
Far too often, companies are very positive and proactive when it comes to production activity. At the same time, however, they do the opposite by providing only negative safety reinforcement. As a condition of employment, safety is commonly used as a threat. This is true, but so is being on time and doing your job. In employee orientation sessions, it's a mistake to make negative consequences the key message. Obviously, you can't ignore unsafe behaviors, but stop making safety feel like a negative thing. There's nothing negative about doing work with a focus on safe production.
10. Hold safety meetings that everyone wants to avoid
I've spoken to thousands of employees in my career about the functionality of the safety meetings they attend. Overwhelmingly, people tell me they don't like what goes on in these meetings very much. The natural question is: "Why are we attending a meeting and not liking what's going on?" The answer is to simply fix the meetings. At your next safety meeting, stand up and tell folks you'd like to discuss how to make the meetings better in the future. Set a goal of not sitting silently at a safety meeting, which isn't addressing your needs. Just say no to unsuccessful safety meetings!
From Canada, Calgary
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90% of Training is wasted - Maybe—Maybe Not!
I believe that most training efforts are wasted unless the training is focused on the individual training needs of each individual. After going through training, a person should immediately apply the new skills. As the saying goes, "If you do not use it, you lose it."
There are many examples where the above has not been practiced. For example, in the last 15 to 20 years, most mills have spent considerable effort in negotiating more flexible work rules with their unions. However, after agreeing to more flexibility on paper so that, for example, millwrights could perform basic welding and pipe fitting, operators could perform some inspections and essential equipment care, most mills soon discovered that not much changed in reality. For example, operators did not do any maintenance work, and a pump job still took two millwrights and two pipe fitters to complete.
The fact is that most mills have a flexibility agreement on paper, but no flexibility in reality. The most common reasons for this are:
- Lack of training in additional skills. With few exceptions, mills spend a lot of time and money on new contracts but never train their craftspeople in the new skills they need to become more flexible.
- First-line supervisors do not change the way they assign work. First-line supervision often takes the easy path. Instead of assigning work so that cross-training takes place as on-the-job training, supervisors continue to schedule work according to the old craft lines so that no new flexibility is introduced.
MULTI CRAFT OR MULTI SKILL? To be successful in improving craft skills and to increase your work flexibility while maintaining high proficiency in critical skills, I advise that you first determine governing principles. For example, are you implementing multi-craft or multi-skills?
Multi-craft means a craftsperson is trained for multiple crafts. For example, a person who is both an electrician and a millwright is multi-craft. Multi-skills means a craftsperson is trained for a craft along with additional skills from another craft. For example, an electrician with skills in aligning a motor and a pump or an operator with mechanical inspection skills is multi-skills.
Personally, I believe that the right thing to do is to implement multi-skills, since it is more likely to result in flexibility and proficiency.
INCENTIVE. To motivate people to learn more and to use more skills, I believe that there must be an incentive beyond self-satisfaction. For example, the most successful multi-craft mill that I have worked with required its craftspeople to have proficiency in one craft when hired. After three years, an additional craft had to be acquired to maintain employment, with three crafts for each craftsperson as the ultimate goal.
However, the incentive to learn more involved not only job security but also increased pay. Starting pay was about $15 per hour, but, after learning and using three crafts, the pay increased to about $26 per hour.
This particular multi-craft mill produces over 500,000 tpy with 65 craftspeople. Overtime is 15%, and contractor hours in maintenance are 14%. These figures put this mill in the league of world-class reliability and maintenance productivity. It is one of the few mills I have worked with where true multi-craft training has been very successful, although a major concern at the mill is that the instrumentation craft is having more and more difficulty keeping up with new technologies while maintaining multi-craft skills.
IMPLEMENTATION. In implementing a training program that will support better performance—whatever level of flexibility you strive for—I recommend you do a craft skills analysis. The objective of this analysis is to develop individual training plans for each craftsperson.
Start by documenting what skills are needed to maintain the equipment in your mill area. Then compare this to the actual skills of each individual in the maintenance crew. The gap that presents itself forms the basis for the individual training plans. Most probably, you will not need everybody in the top skills segment because everybody will not be able to acquire and maintain those skills. So, you might end up with three skill levels in your organization.
I recommend that you do this analysis with much involvement from the craftspeople because they are the best source of information. There are also many experts, as well as literature, in this area that can help you.
From Canada, Calgary
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I believe that most training efforts are wasted unless the training is focused on the individual training needs of each individual. After going through training, a person should immediately apply the new skills. As the saying goes, "If you do not use it, you lose it."
There are many examples where the above has not been practiced. For example, in the last 15 to 20 years, most mills have spent considerable effort in negotiating more flexible work rules with their unions. However, after agreeing to more flexibility on paper so that, for example, millwrights could perform basic welding and pipe fitting, operators could perform some inspections and essential equipment care, most mills soon discovered that not much changed in reality. For example, operators did not do any maintenance work, and a pump job still took two millwrights and two pipe fitters to complete.
The fact is that most mills have a flexibility agreement on paper, but no flexibility in reality. The most common reasons for this are:
- Lack of training in additional skills. With few exceptions, mills spend a lot of time and money on new contracts but never train their craftspeople in the new skills they need to become more flexible.
- First-line supervisors do not change the way they assign work. First-line supervision often takes the easy path. Instead of assigning work so that cross-training takes place as on-the-job training, supervisors continue to schedule work according to the old craft lines so that no new flexibility is introduced.
MULTI CRAFT OR MULTI SKILL? To be successful in improving craft skills and to increase your work flexibility while maintaining high proficiency in critical skills, I advise that you first determine governing principles. For example, are you implementing multi-craft or multi-skills?
Multi-craft means a craftsperson is trained for multiple crafts. For example, a person who is both an electrician and a millwright is multi-craft. Multi-skills means a craftsperson is trained for a craft along with additional skills from another craft. For example, an electrician with skills in aligning a motor and a pump or an operator with mechanical inspection skills is multi-skills.
Personally, I believe that the right thing to do is to implement multi-skills, since it is more likely to result in flexibility and proficiency.
INCENTIVE. To motivate people to learn more and to use more skills, I believe that there must be an incentive beyond self-satisfaction. For example, the most successful multi-craft mill that I have worked with required its craftspeople to have proficiency in one craft when hired. After three years, an additional craft had to be acquired to maintain employment, with three crafts for each craftsperson as the ultimate goal.
However, the incentive to learn more involved not only job security but also increased pay. Starting pay was about $15 per hour, but, after learning and using three crafts, the pay increased to about $26 per hour.
This particular multi-craft mill produces over 500,000 tpy with 65 craftspeople. Overtime is 15%, and contractor hours in maintenance are 14%. These figures put this mill in the league of world-class reliability and maintenance productivity. It is one of the few mills I have worked with where true multi-craft training has been very successful, although a major concern at the mill is that the instrumentation craft is having more and more difficulty keeping up with new technologies while maintaining multi-craft skills.
IMPLEMENTATION. In implementing a training program that will support better performance—whatever level of flexibility you strive for—I recommend you do a craft skills analysis. The objective of this analysis is to develop individual training plans for each craftsperson.
Start by documenting what skills are needed to maintain the equipment in your mill area. Then compare this to the actual skills of each individual in the maintenance crew. The gap that presents itself forms the basis for the individual training plans. Most probably, you will not need everybody in the top skills segment because everybody will not be able to acquire and maintain those skills. So, you might end up with three skill levels in your organization.
I recommend that you do this analysis with much involvement from the craftspeople because they are the best source of information. There are also many experts, as well as literature, in this area that can help you.
From Canada, Calgary
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Try, try, try again to solve safety problems, but don't confuse persistence with obstinancy.
Will Rogers contended, "The secret of success is simple. If you're in a hole, quit digging." This seems like common sense, but I've seen many leaders who, when frustrated, resort to pulling out a shovel – either hand tool or bulldozer – and then redoubling their digging efforts. These are otherwise intelligent people in a wide range of professions, but they continue to expend precious resources and risk losing credibility by this try-harder-the-same-way excavating.
We as safety professionals aren't exempt. Have you seen this: Workers don't change their actions? Tell them again (with a why-didn't-you-listen undertone). Policies and procedures not followed? Write additional (and more detailed) rules. Training didn't change their behavior? Put them through the same training again and again (until they "get it").
It seems that when their people don't act in hoped-for manners, many leaders default toward becoming more rigid, forceful, negative, and blaming. Ironically, these are the polar opposite responses of the strongest leaders I've encountered. When things don't go their way, master leaders are relaxed and vigilant. If their first action doesn't get the job done, then they flexibly shift to a different tack.
No question that persistence and determination are important factors in succeeding. While highly adept leaders each have a core set of values to which they stay true, they don't woodenly clutch onto fixed strategies in a changing world. Especially when their initial plans are shown to have limited results. Another Will Rogers saying applies here, "Plans get you into things but you got to work your way out."
Trying Different
For those wishing to elevate the efficiency of their leadership skills, I suggest a thought process of trying different rather than trying harder.
How might we apply this to organizational safety? Let's use hand injuries as an example of a common and difficult problem that seems to plague many companies. And no wonder. Think of the number of times (multiple thousands for many) a worker might move her fingers and hands during a typical day. Each such movement presents the potential to suffer a laceration, pinch, strain, bruise, abrasion, dislocation, or more.
The traditional approaches to preventing these injuries tilt heavily to the external side of control, focusing on lessening outside-the-employee risk exposures to protect the hands: Machine guarding and lockout/tagout, workstation redesign, gloves, special cut-prevention knives, and automating hand-intensive work. These each have advantages and assuredly work in many cases, to a certain level.
But if some is good, more may not be better. For example, employees have expressed to us their concerns that machine guards have actually created pinch, cut, grip, bruise, and strain hazards. Guards are strong weapons in the safety arsenal. But despite these and other interventions, hand injuries still persist.
Perhaps it is time to stop digging in the same hole and to try a different approach. One that is internal, focusing on our (and our employees') perspective on hand injuries.
Attention and Hand Safety
For example, you can begin thinking differently about preventing hand injuries by seeing there are contributors to problems that go beyond just the hands. To this end, my colleague Ron Bowles demonstrates that the brain is the command center of attention and hand safety.
The way the brain recognizes and processes information directly affects hand safety. Such an internal approach might include helping workers identify unknowingly accepted risks that can lead to hand injuries. For example, most people – especially right-handers who comprise approximately 90 percent of the population – infrequently use their offhand and have little idea where it is while performing many tasks. This can lead to injuries stemming from workers resting their offhands in places they shouldn't. By the way, these and other methods for directing attention have to go way beyond just exhorting people to "Pay attention!"
Think of the arms and hands as extenders for manipulating objects (machining, assembling, cutting, carrying); their position and alignment can either enhance or decrease their safety.
The torso is a fulcrum from which originate arm and hand actions, leverage, and control. The feet and legs are the base, which provides support for all work done by the hands; foot placement and overall balance are critical to arm strength and hand safety.
Once you help workers learn to better adjust to specific tasks, it is possible to make breakthroughs in hand safety that go beyond providing "more of the same" external controls.
The strongest safety leaders believe there are potential solutions to even the most challenging problems. And, rather than doing more of the same, they break out of the mold to try different approaches in their quest for attaining the highest-level safety performance.
From Canada, Calgary
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Will Rogers contended, "The secret of success is simple. If you're in a hole, quit digging." This seems like common sense, but I've seen many leaders who, when frustrated, resort to pulling out a shovel – either hand tool or bulldozer – and then redoubling their digging efforts. These are otherwise intelligent people in a wide range of professions, but they continue to expend precious resources and risk losing credibility by this try-harder-the-same-way excavating.
We as safety professionals aren't exempt. Have you seen this: Workers don't change their actions? Tell them again (with a why-didn't-you-listen undertone). Policies and procedures not followed? Write additional (and more detailed) rules. Training didn't change their behavior? Put them through the same training again and again (until they "get it").
It seems that when their people don't act in hoped-for manners, many leaders default toward becoming more rigid, forceful, negative, and blaming. Ironically, these are the polar opposite responses of the strongest leaders I've encountered. When things don't go their way, master leaders are relaxed and vigilant. If their first action doesn't get the job done, then they flexibly shift to a different tack.
No question that persistence and determination are important factors in succeeding. While highly adept leaders each have a core set of values to which they stay true, they don't woodenly clutch onto fixed strategies in a changing world. Especially when their initial plans are shown to have limited results. Another Will Rogers saying applies here, "Plans get you into things but you got to work your way out."
Trying Different
For those wishing to elevate the efficiency of their leadership skills, I suggest a thought process of trying different rather than trying harder.
How might we apply this to organizational safety? Let's use hand injuries as an example of a common and difficult problem that seems to plague many companies. And no wonder. Think of the number of times (multiple thousands for many) a worker might move her fingers and hands during a typical day. Each such movement presents the potential to suffer a laceration, pinch, strain, bruise, abrasion, dislocation, or more.
The traditional approaches to preventing these injuries tilt heavily to the external side of control, focusing on lessening outside-the-employee risk exposures to protect the hands: Machine guarding and lockout/tagout, workstation redesign, gloves, special cut-prevention knives, and automating hand-intensive work. These each have advantages and assuredly work in many cases, to a certain level.
But if some is good, more may not be better. For example, employees have expressed to us their concerns that machine guards have actually created pinch, cut, grip, bruise, and strain hazards. Guards are strong weapons in the safety arsenal. But despite these and other interventions, hand injuries still persist.
Perhaps it is time to stop digging in the same hole and to try a different approach. One that is internal, focusing on our (and our employees') perspective on hand injuries.
Attention and Hand Safety
For example, you can begin thinking differently about preventing hand injuries by seeing there are contributors to problems that go beyond just the hands. To this end, my colleague Ron Bowles demonstrates that the brain is the command center of attention and hand safety.
The way the brain recognizes and processes information directly affects hand safety. Such an internal approach might include helping workers identify unknowingly accepted risks that can lead to hand injuries. For example, most people – especially right-handers who comprise approximately 90 percent of the population – infrequently use their offhand and have little idea where it is while performing many tasks. This can lead to injuries stemming from workers resting their offhands in places they shouldn't. By the way, these and other methods for directing attention have to go way beyond just exhorting people to "Pay attention!"
Think of the arms and hands as extenders for manipulating objects (machining, assembling, cutting, carrying); their position and alignment can either enhance or decrease their safety.
The torso is a fulcrum from which originate arm and hand actions, leverage, and control. The feet and legs are the base, which provides support for all work done by the hands; foot placement and overall balance are critical to arm strength and hand safety.
Once you help workers learn to better adjust to specific tasks, it is possible to make breakthroughs in hand safety that go beyond providing "more of the same" external controls.
The strongest safety leaders believe there are potential solutions to even the most challenging problems. And, rather than doing more of the same, they break out of the mold to try different approaches in their quest for attaining the highest-level safety performance.
From Canada, Calgary
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Simple Maintenance Request
Where does it lie in the repair program? Is it really that urgent?
Here is a great risk matrix for use in those situations and for others to consider when asking for repairs to equipment:
[Link to the sample priority table](http://www.idcon.com/pdf-doc/Sample-Priority-Table.pdf)
From Canada, Calgary
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Where does it lie in the repair program? Is it really that urgent?
Here is a great risk matrix for use in those situations and for others to consider when asking for repairs to equipment:
[Link to the sample priority table](http://www.idcon.com/pdf-doc/Sample-Priority-Table.pdf)
From Canada, Calgary
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Identifying Accident-Prone Areas in the Workplace
There are many accident-prone areas in the workplace, especially if your job already carries a certain degree of risk. It is the main responsibility of the employer to ensure that the workplace is safe, and one major step is identifying major safety hazards in the workplace so that they can be eliminated.
Factors that can help identify an accident-prone area
There are several factors present in a workplace that can give one the conclusion that the area is unsafe. These include exposed electric wiring or outlets, unguarded heavy machinery, constant noise, wet floors, cluttered office spaces, high exposure to sunlight, very warm temperatures, and workspaces located at a tall height or on a mobile area. Workplaces that have poor lighting, with no clear fire exits and no ventilation are generally unsafe. So are workplaces where employees are exposed to caustic and toxic chemicals. In cases like these, the use of protective clothing and gear is important.
Employees who see these hazards present in the workplace must report them immediately so that prompt action can be taken to remove these hazards.
Safety programs for accident-prone areas
It is better for employers to conduct safety programs that will ensure the health and safety of workers. An employer can conduct a risk assessment of the workplace as a start. This is useful in identifying potential hazards for elimination. The program should also include the provision of clean toilets and sanitation facilities, as well as conduct seminars to teach workers how to deal with injuries. Other aspects that should be included in a typical work safety program include sending a daily memo to workers reminding them to work safely. Encouragement of break periods is a must to prevent over-fatigue and repetitive strain injuries. The employer should also include putting up suitable signs and providing first aid facilities as part of any safety management program in the workplace.
Tips to Avoid Accidents
Avoiding accidents in the workplace is the first step in preventing lost hours from work and expensive health care fees. This is an important area in the workplace that employers need to ensure in order to provide safe working environments for their employees.
What are some of the common accidents in the workplace?
Common accidents in the workplace include falls, trips, slips, lifting injuries, crushing accidents, falls, and strikes from a moving or a stationary object. Other types of injuries that you can encounter in the workplace include burns, whether chemical, thermal, or electrical, lacerations, repetitive strain injuries, and back and neck injuries. Slips, trips, and falls can cause major tissue trauma and minor or major broken bones. Burns can lead to tissue trauma, and repetitive strain injuries can lead to discomfort and, in severe cases, an inability to use the injured limb.
These accidents, however, can be prevented with the right safety measures. Working areas where the employer clearly has not taken any measures to keep employees safe from work hazards can allow injured employees to sue for damage.
How can you prevent such accidents?
Prevention is the most important measure to avoid workplace accidents. Keeping walkways and workspaces well-lighted, free from clutter, and the floors from any spills will reduce the risk of any accidental trips, slips, or falls. Making sure that ladders work well and are stable enough for use will prevent falls. Workers who do jobs that require bending, lifting, pushing, and pulling need to be fit and should engage in regular strength training exercises. Workers exposed to hazardous, toxic chemicals, and other substances need to use protective gear at all times to prevent undue exposure.
Workers who engage in repetitive motions in their jobs should take a break to stretch and relax their joints and muscles to prevent repetitive strain injuries and prevent the risk of fractures.
Do any of these statements sound familiar?
• "It was just a little scrape; it really wasn't worth reporting."
• "I was just so busy I forgot."
• "It didn't seem like a big deal at the time."
• "I wasn't sure I should report it so I didn't."
• "It was my fault, so I was embarrassed to say anything."
• "I couldn't leave my class!"
Members who do not report workplace accidents lose the protection of the Workplace Safety and Insurance Act. Failure to report also allows the conditions that caused the accident to go unchecked and leave colleagues vulnerable to similar injuries.
What Type of Accident/Injury Should be Reported?
All accidents/injuries that occur on the worksite, or that arise out of and in the course of employment, no matter how trivial, should be reported to the employer.
Not every injury is reported to the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board. An employer need only report accidents if the member is unable to earn full wages, or if the injury necessitates some form of healthcare, e.g., physiotherapy.
Remember: "If in doubt – FILE!"
Common Workplace Accidents
Accidents in the workplace occur approximately 1.6 million times a year. This is an alarming statistic, especially since most accidents, even minor ones, signify a certain time away from work. It is, therefore, very important to identify the major causes of accidents as the first step in preventing them to reduce injury and healthcare costs.
Examples of common workplace accidents
Workplace accidents are categorized as trips or slips, falls, strikes from an object, lifting accidents, and falls from heights. Trips and slips are caused by clutter or slippery surfaces. This can result from floors not being properly mopped for spilled liquid or leaked machinery fluids. Clutter can also result in trips which can further lead to minor and sometimes major injuries. Defective flooring and poorly lighted areas can put workers at risk for tripping and slipping. Falls from heavy objects overhead can also occur when pulling boxes from shelves. Falls from heights are common in construction areas and in workplaces where tall ladders are used.
Dealing with common workplace accidents
Prevention is the best way to reduce the incidence of common accidents in the workplace. The installation of adequate lighting, cleaning up the floors of spilled fluids, clearing workspaces of clutter, and making sure that supportive devices for climbing atop tall heights are secure are just some of the measures one can take to prevent workplace accidents. Each workplace must also have emergency medical equipment available such as an emergency first aid kit or a nurse's station to handle injuries before specialized treatment becomes available. If your job requires you to do some heavy lifting, such as in orderly or nursing aid jobs, it is better to condition your body for work. Develop stronger abdominal, hamstring, and back muscles through regular exercise and strength training.
Promoting Safety in the Workplace
The creation of a safe workplace is not the sole responsibility of the employer, although he or she is mainly responsible for keeping the place as safe as possible. Workers have to do their part to keep their workplace free from hazards. With the combined efforts of employers and workers, a safe working environment where hazards are minimal is very possible.
What employers can do to create and promote a safe workplace
There are various steps employers can take to create a safe workplace for workers. The most important area where this can be done is perhaps the environment. Employers need to conduct routine maintenance and checks of equipment to make sure that they are in good condition. Numerous work accidents arise due to faulty equipment and machines or equipment that was not used properly. Routine maintenance and checks of the environment are also a good way to spot danger-prone areas that can be fixed to eliminate health hazards.
Another measure that employers can take to create a safe environment at work is to provide workers with the right protective gear such as hard hats, gloves, coveralls, gas masks, and the like to workers who are exposed to various hazards at work. Creating a disaster plan is another measure that employers can take to ensure that workers know what to do in case of an emergency. The installation of a company health unit for emergencies should also be done so that emergencies can be dealt with promptly while waiting for specialized medical services.
What employees can do to create and promote a safe workplace
Workers, on the other hand, can also take measures to reduce their risks of injuries in the workplace. These include engaging in regular strength training to make the abdominal, the hamstring, and the back muscles strong since all these muscles are required when lifting heavy objects. The adoption of proper body mechanics should be applied in all procedures, and break periods to stretch and relieve oneself of muscle strain are also helpful. Workers should listen and participate actively during emergency drills, as the skills taught here can help one deal with a crisis effectively.
From Canada, Calgary
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0
There are many accident-prone areas in the workplace, especially if your job already carries a certain degree of risk. It is the main responsibility of the employer to ensure that the workplace is safe, and one major step is identifying major safety hazards in the workplace so that they can be eliminated.
Factors that can help identify an accident-prone area
There are several factors present in a workplace that can give one the conclusion that the area is unsafe. These include exposed electric wiring or outlets, unguarded heavy machinery, constant noise, wet floors, cluttered office spaces, high exposure to sunlight, very warm temperatures, and workspaces located at a tall height or on a mobile area. Workplaces that have poor lighting, with no clear fire exits and no ventilation are generally unsafe. So are workplaces where employees are exposed to caustic and toxic chemicals. In cases like these, the use of protective clothing and gear is important.
Employees who see these hazards present in the workplace must report them immediately so that prompt action can be taken to remove these hazards.
Safety programs for accident-prone areas
It is better for employers to conduct safety programs that will ensure the health and safety of workers. An employer can conduct a risk assessment of the workplace as a start. This is useful in identifying potential hazards for elimination. The program should also include the provision of clean toilets and sanitation facilities, as well as conduct seminars to teach workers how to deal with injuries. Other aspects that should be included in a typical work safety program include sending a daily memo to workers reminding them to work safely. Encouragement of break periods is a must to prevent over-fatigue and repetitive strain injuries. The employer should also include putting up suitable signs and providing first aid facilities as part of any safety management program in the workplace.
Tips to Avoid Accidents
Avoiding accidents in the workplace is the first step in preventing lost hours from work and expensive health care fees. This is an important area in the workplace that employers need to ensure in order to provide safe working environments for their employees.
What are some of the common accidents in the workplace?
Common accidents in the workplace include falls, trips, slips, lifting injuries, crushing accidents, falls, and strikes from a moving or a stationary object. Other types of injuries that you can encounter in the workplace include burns, whether chemical, thermal, or electrical, lacerations, repetitive strain injuries, and back and neck injuries. Slips, trips, and falls can cause major tissue trauma and minor or major broken bones. Burns can lead to tissue trauma, and repetitive strain injuries can lead to discomfort and, in severe cases, an inability to use the injured limb.
These accidents, however, can be prevented with the right safety measures. Working areas where the employer clearly has not taken any measures to keep employees safe from work hazards can allow injured employees to sue for damage.
How can you prevent such accidents?
Prevention is the most important measure to avoid workplace accidents. Keeping walkways and workspaces well-lighted, free from clutter, and the floors from any spills will reduce the risk of any accidental trips, slips, or falls. Making sure that ladders work well and are stable enough for use will prevent falls. Workers who do jobs that require bending, lifting, pushing, and pulling need to be fit and should engage in regular strength training exercises. Workers exposed to hazardous, toxic chemicals, and other substances need to use protective gear at all times to prevent undue exposure.
Workers who engage in repetitive motions in their jobs should take a break to stretch and relax their joints and muscles to prevent repetitive strain injuries and prevent the risk of fractures.
Do any of these statements sound familiar?
• "It was just a little scrape; it really wasn't worth reporting."
• "I was just so busy I forgot."
• "It didn't seem like a big deal at the time."
• "I wasn't sure I should report it so I didn't."
• "It was my fault, so I was embarrassed to say anything."
• "I couldn't leave my class!"
Members who do not report workplace accidents lose the protection of the Workplace Safety and Insurance Act. Failure to report also allows the conditions that caused the accident to go unchecked and leave colleagues vulnerable to similar injuries.
What Type of Accident/Injury Should be Reported?
All accidents/injuries that occur on the worksite, or that arise out of and in the course of employment, no matter how trivial, should be reported to the employer.
Not every injury is reported to the Workplace Safety and Insurance Board. An employer need only report accidents if the member is unable to earn full wages, or if the injury necessitates some form of healthcare, e.g., physiotherapy.
Remember: "If in doubt – FILE!"
Common Workplace Accidents
Accidents in the workplace occur approximately 1.6 million times a year. This is an alarming statistic, especially since most accidents, even minor ones, signify a certain time away from work. It is, therefore, very important to identify the major causes of accidents as the first step in preventing them to reduce injury and healthcare costs.
Examples of common workplace accidents
Workplace accidents are categorized as trips or slips, falls, strikes from an object, lifting accidents, and falls from heights. Trips and slips are caused by clutter or slippery surfaces. This can result from floors not being properly mopped for spilled liquid or leaked machinery fluids. Clutter can also result in trips which can further lead to minor and sometimes major injuries. Defective flooring and poorly lighted areas can put workers at risk for tripping and slipping. Falls from heavy objects overhead can also occur when pulling boxes from shelves. Falls from heights are common in construction areas and in workplaces where tall ladders are used.
Dealing with common workplace accidents
Prevention is the best way to reduce the incidence of common accidents in the workplace. The installation of adequate lighting, cleaning up the floors of spilled fluids, clearing workspaces of clutter, and making sure that supportive devices for climbing atop tall heights are secure are just some of the measures one can take to prevent workplace accidents. Each workplace must also have emergency medical equipment available such as an emergency first aid kit or a nurse's station to handle injuries before specialized treatment becomes available. If your job requires you to do some heavy lifting, such as in orderly or nursing aid jobs, it is better to condition your body for work. Develop stronger abdominal, hamstring, and back muscles through regular exercise and strength training.
Promoting Safety in the Workplace
The creation of a safe workplace is not the sole responsibility of the employer, although he or she is mainly responsible for keeping the place as safe as possible. Workers have to do their part to keep their workplace free from hazards. With the combined efforts of employers and workers, a safe working environment where hazards are minimal is very possible.
What employers can do to create and promote a safe workplace
There are various steps employers can take to create a safe workplace for workers. The most important area where this can be done is perhaps the environment. Employers need to conduct routine maintenance and checks of equipment to make sure that they are in good condition. Numerous work accidents arise due to faulty equipment and machines or equipment that was not used properly. Routine maintenance and checks of the environment are also a good way to spot danger-prone areas that can be fixed to eliminate health hazards.
Another measure that employers can take to create a safe environment at work is to provide workers with the right protective gear such as hard hats, gloves, coveralls, gas masks, and the like to workers who are exposed to various hazards at work. Creating a disaster plan is another measure that employers can take to ensure that workers know what to do in case of an emergency. The installation of a company health unit for emergencies should also be done so that emergencies can be dealt with promptly while waiting for specialized medical services.
What employees can do to create and promote a safe workplace
Workers, on the other hand, can also take measures to reduce their risks of injuries in the workplace. These include engaging in regular strength training to make the abdominal, the hamstring, and the back muscles strong since all these muscles are required when lifting heavy objects. The adoption of proper body mechanics should be applied in all procedures, and break periods to stretch and relieve oneself of muscle strain are also helpful. Workers should listen and participate actively during emergency drills, as the skills taught here can help one deal with a crisis effectively.
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-The user reply contains accurate information regarding identifying accident-prone areas in the workplace, safety programs, tips to avoid accidents, reporting workplace accidents, common workplace accidents, prevention measures, and promoting safety in the workplace. (1 Acknowledge point)
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Good morning to all, Another one from side regarding — Wear Helmet — Dear Penney,. Thanks a lot for your inputs. . . Keep on sharing. . .
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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Here are some training items Ive written over the last year
From Canada, Calgary
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From Canada, Calgary
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Dear All,
Nice to see great participation from all of you. Sorry for being away from the site for quite a long time. Special thanks to all who contribute and participate in this thread, even though I am not naming each one. All videos are really useful and unique. The write-ups, presentations, and links from Mr. Terry are just adding more flavor to our thread. This will surely help pique others' interest in our discussion, and I hope everyone is enjoying learning through sharing.
Let's keep up the pace and continue sharing and gaining. Now, let's have a look at the attached film. It's just another example of taking a shortcut and quite funny too.
Thank you.
From India
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Nice to see great participation from all of you. Sorry for being away from the site for quite a long time. Special thanks to all who contribute and participate in this thread, even though I am not naming each one. All videos are really useful and unique. The write-ups, presentations, and links from Mr. Terry are just adding more flavor to our thread. This will surely help pique others' interest in our discussion, and I hope everyone is enjoying learning through sharing.
Let's keep up the pace and continue sharing and gaining. Now, let's have a look at the attached film. It's just another example of taking a shortcut and quite funny too.
Thank you.
From India
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Dear Penney & Dipil,
Mr. Penney, the recommended tarping safety tips you shared have been very helpful to me. I had been searching for them for a long time, and now I finally got them from you. Thank you very much. Thanks for your presentation as well.
Welcome back, Mr. Dipil. Thank you for your video.
I am using an iPhone and I can't upload/download anything for two to three days due to my personal work.
Keep on sharing.
Thank you.
From United States, Fpo
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Mr. Penney, the recommended tarping safety tips you shared have been very helpful to me. I had been searching for them for a long time, and now I finally got them from you. Thank you very much. Thanks for your presentation as well.
Welcome back, Mr. Dipil. Thank you for your video.
I am using an iPhone and I can't upload/download anything for two to three days due to my personal work.
Keep on sharing.
Thank you.
From United States, Fpo
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ISO standards and E-learning
Well, here is the Canadian Answer: [Training | CSA](http://www.csa.ca#Infrastructure)
From Canada, Calgary
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Well, here is the Canadian Answer: [Training | CSA](http://www.csa.ca#Infrastructure)
From Canada, Calgary
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Truckers,
This training series is about the best practices for tarping, folding tarps, and handling tarping or folding in windy conditions, among other topics.
[YouTube - Broadcast Yourself.](http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=2C240B47B139F1DA)
The series covers various other truck training aspects.
But what do I know? I'm Canadian.
TP
From Canada, Calgary
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This training series is about the best practices for tarping, folding tarps, and handling tarping or folding in windy conditions, among other topics.
[YouTube - Broadcast Yourself.](http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=2C240B47B139F1DA)
The series covers various other truck training aspects.
But what do I know? I'm Canadian.
TP
From Canada, Calgary
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Dear All,
Let's have a look into another contribution from my side on the use of seat belts... A really touching one...
Dear Amish,
Let me try to post the relevant videos soon...
Dear Terry,
Thanks a lot for your continuous participation and knowledge sharing. The write-up and links shared are simply great. Keep on sharing...
From India
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Let's have a look into another contribution from my side on the use of seat belts... A really touching one...
Dear Amish,
Let me try to post the relevant videos soon...
Dear Terry,
Thanks a lot for your continuous participation and knowledge sharing. The write-up and links shared are simply great. Keep on sharing...
From India
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Fire Prevention and Safe Work Permit Training and Videos that you wanted.
Fire Prevention Videos
Fire Safety in the Workplace
Following simple fire safety practices can prevent fires at work and reduce injuries and losses.
Housekeeping
- Keep your workplace clutter-free.
- Keep exits, stairways, storage areas, staff rooms, and work areas free from debris such as empty boxes, waste paper, and dirty rags.
- Keep flammable liquid storage to a minimum and in approved containers.
- Keep large quantities of flammable liquids in an approved storage cabinet.
- Follow your building's security measures and keep unauthorized people out of your workplace.
- Keep alleys and other areas around your building well-lit.
Be careful with appliances
- Unplug or turn off all appliances including coffee makers, hot plates, and burners at the end of each day.
- Allow air to circulate around heat-producing equipment such as photocopiers, computer terminals, and heaters.
If you smoke
- Smoke only where permitted and use large, non-tip ashtrays. Thoroughly soak butts with water before discarding.
- Ensure visitors are aware of smoking regulations.
Electrical Safety
- Replace electrical cords that have cracked insulation or broken connectors.
- Do not overload electrical circuits.
- Never run extension cords across doorways, under carpets, or where they can be stepped on or pinched.
Portable Fire Extinguishers
- Everyone should read the extinguisher instructions and be trained in the safe operation of fire extinguishers.
- Ensure everyone has left the building before attempting to fight a fire.
- Use portable fire extinguishers to extinguish and control small, contained fires until the fire department arrives.
- Portable fire extinguishers are not designed to fight large fires or those that may spread quickly.
Prepare for Emergencies
During a fire, everyone's safety depends on good preparation and efficient evacuation.
Employers should:
- Post a fire escape plan in a prominent location on every level.
- Ensure all employees are familiar with exit locations, escape routes, and fire extinguisher locations.
- Conduct regular fire drills.
- Post the emergency numbers on or near all telephones.
- Make provisions for the safe evacuation of employees with disabilities by appointing someone to assist them.
- Appoint and train a fire warden on each level of the building to ensure safe evacuation and ongoing safety programs.
Employees should:
- Know the location of all building exits.
- Know the location of the nearest fire alarms and how to use them.
- Count the doors or desks between their work area and the nearest exit. During a fire, exit signs may not be visible due to smoke or a power failure.
What to do if a fire occurs:
- Sound the alarm and leave the building immediately, closing all doors behind you.
- If smoke blocks your primary exit, use another one. If you must exit through the smoke, stay low by crawling on your hands and knees.
- Check doors before opening them. Kneel or crouch at the door, reach up and touch the door, knob, and frame. If you feel any warmth on or around the door, use another escape route. If the door feels cool, open it slowly and carefully with your shoulder against it. Slam the door shut if you see flames or smoke on the other side.
- Call 9-1-1, no matter how small the fire appears to be.
[YouTube - Fire Prevention & Home Safety](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=1&ved=0CD4QtwIwAA&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DhhzZKXH6cf 0&ei=YNc2TZ3aNoi4sQOet5nmAQ&usg=AFQjCNEDKjq0WWKQNE kheezPS3JOcyYfHg&sig2=kO7JvWpBjPhW88cFTqVXDQ)
[YouTube - Fire Prevention and Safety Tips Video](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=2&ved=0CEMQtwIwAQ&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.5min.com%2FVideo%2FFire-Prevention-and-Safety-Tips-65602152&ei=YNc2TZ3aNoi4sQOet5nmAQ&usg=AFQjCNFylvx GQ6YpqzFthTN7l6NdUXWXaw&sig2=dZyvSD76nv9NSABqTnq4Z A)
[YouTube - Fire Prevention and Safety Tip](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=3&ved=0CEgQtwIwAg&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DrTGsblQ_XO g&ei=YNc2TZ3aNoi4sQOet5nmAQ&usg=AFQjCNGIvA__eroqJQ TJ7nGpP7YiLXqwhg&sig2=--vUFQY0IK29yoeiZwi6ZA)
[YouTube - Fire Prevention & Safety in the Office Video and DVD | Fire | Howcast.com](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=4&ved=0CE0QtwIwAw&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.howcast.com%2Fvideos%2F56271-Fire-Prevention-and-Safety-in-the-Office-Video-and-DVD&ei=YNc2TZ3aNoi4sQOet5nmAQ&usg=AFQjCNFSjMfIZFak VpfMBV4PLVhVO_Jt0A&sig2=wgDGdmtyyh95nicas1oGZg)
[YouTube - 2008 Fire Prevention Week - "Exit Strategy"](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=9&ved=0CGYQtwIwCA&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DC8FvVt9Gq1 4&ei=YNc2TZ3aNoi4sQOet5nmAQ&usg=AFQjCNFidn62fJsbXV 7n_QV3qfu0sfITzw&sig2=D4gipDeOhja0m6TDJ5Zo9Q)
[YouTube - Introduction to Fire Safety (Fire Safety at Work - Part 1 of 4)](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=1&ved=0CD8QtwIwAA&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DDs3sweLlo0 I&ei=Hdg2Tb7cGIuusAOj6MnlAQ&usg=AFQjCNEu1rji6_spG8 JOk-9y610CFT6Wqg&sig2=fZSSzUhLIpDXh2_z1h71Lg)
[YouTube - Fire Evacuation (Fire Safety at Work - Part 3 of 4)](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=2&ved=0CEQQtwIwAQ&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dol74f-rCnKg&ei=Hdg2Tb7cGIuusAOj6MnlAQ&usg=AFQjCNFqMOe4tg zBQV8VxNiEAqKBxzU2AA&sig2=Q12vvhDoqmSVxSu7zGN6lg)
[YouTube - Extinguishing Fires at Work (Fire Safety at Work - Part 3 of 4)](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=3&ved=0CEkQtwIwAg&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DBjmaL_6eDS 8&ei=Hdg2Tb7cGIuusAOj6MnlAQ&usg=AFQjCNHBozVaCvF_7Q p52KowDBgwhdjCrw&sig2=YkmT91D6Pbp7eiBVj9349w)
[YouTube - Broadcast Yourself.](http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=C5478AEEA1A26567)
[YouTube - Fire Safety at Work (4 Fire Safety Titles)](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=8&ved=0CGYQtwIwBw&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dghi7dFj9fx 8&ei=Hdg2Tb7cGIuusAOj6MnlAQ&usg=AFQjCNHyOxN0CI6Pvn HSqj6Hof8fIV55Ow&sig2=E-c3kZQM3i5iQMHrGWmPJQ)
[Fire Safety Awareness | General House & Home | Howcast.com
From Canada, Calgary
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Fire Prevention Videos
Fire Safety in the Workplace
Following simple fire safety practices can prevent fires at work and reduce injuries and losses.
Housekeeping
- Keep your workplace clutter-free.
- Keep exits, stairways, storage areas, staff rooms, and work areas free from debris such as empty boxes, waste paper, and dirty rags.
- Keep flammable liquid storage to a minimum and in approved containers.
- Keep large quantities of flammable liquids in an approved storage cabinet.
- Follow your building's security measures and keep unauthorized people out of your workplace.
- Keep alleys and other areas around your building well-lit.
Be careful with appliances
- Unplug or turn off all appliances including coffee makers, hot plates, and burners at the end of each day.
- Allow air to circulate around heat-producing equipment such as photocopiers, computer terminals, and heaters.
If you smoke
- Smoke only where permitted and use large, non-tip ashtrays. Thoroughly soak butts with water before discarding.
- Ensure visitors are aware of smoking regulations.
Electrical Safety
- Replace electrical cords that have cracked insulation or broken connectors.
- Do not overload electrical circuits.
- Never run extension cords across doorways, under carpets, or where they can be stepped on or pinched.
Portable Fire Extinguishers
- Everyone should read the extinguisher instructions and be trained in the safe operation of fire extinguishers.
- Ensure everyone has left the building before attempting to fight a fire.
- Use portable fire extinguishers to extinguish and control small, contained fires until the fire department arrives.
- Portable fire extinguishers are not designed to fight large fires or those that may spread quickly.
Prepare for Emergencies
During a fire, everyone's safety depends on good preparation and efficient evacuation.
Employers should:
- Post a fire escape plan in a prominent location on every level.
- Ensure all employees are familiar with exit locations, escape routes, and fire extinguisher locations.
- Conduct regular fire drills.
- Post the emergency numbers on or near all telephones.
- Make provisions for the safe evacuation of employees with disabilities by appointing someone to assist them.
- Appoint and train a fire warden on each level of the building to ensure safe evacuation and ongoing safety programs.
Employees should:
- Know the location of all building exits.
- Know the location of the nearest fire alarms and how to use them.
- Count the doors or desks between their work area and the nearest exit. During a fire, exit signs may not be visible due to smoke or a power failure.
What to do if a fire occurs:
- Sound the alarm and leave the building immediately, closing all doors behind you.
- If smoke blocks your primary exit, use another one. If you must exit through the smoke, stay low by crawling on your hands and knees.
- Check doors before opening them. Kneel or crouch at the door, reach up and touch the door, knob, and frame. If you feel any warmth on or around the door, use another escape route. If the door feels cool, open it slowly and carefully with your shoulder against it. Slam the door shut if you see flames or smoke on the other side.
- Call 9-1-1, no matter how small the fire appears to be.
[YouTube - Fire Prevention & Home Safety](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=1&ved=0CD4QtwIwAA&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DhhzZKXH6cf 0&ei=YNc2TZ3aNoi4sQOet5nmAQ&usg=AFQjCNEDKjq0WWKQNE kheezPS3JOcyYfHg&sig2=kO7JvWpBjPhW88cFTqVXDQ)
[YouTube - Fire Prevention and Safety Tips Video](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=2&ved=0CEMQtwIwAQ&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.5min.com%2FVideo%2FFire-Prevention-and-Safety-Tips-65602152&ei=YNc2TZ3aNoi4sQOet5nmAQ&usg=AFQjCNFylvx GQ6YpqzFthTN7l6NdUXWXaw&sig2=dZyvSD76nv9NSABqTnq4Z A)
[YouTube - Fire Prevention and Safety Tip](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=3&ved=0CEgQtwIwAg&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DrTGsblQ_XO g&ei=YNc2TZ3aNoi4sQOet5nmAQ&usg=AFQjCNGIvA__eroqJQ TJ7nGpP7YiLXqwhg&sig2=--vUFQY0IK29yoeiZwi6ZA)
[YouTube - Fire Prevention & Safety in the Office Video and DVD | Fire | Howcast.com](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=4&ved=0CE0QtwIwAw&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.howcast.com%2Fvideos%2F56271-Fire-Prevention-and-Safety-in-the-Office-Video-and-DVD&ei=YNc2TZ3aNoi4sQOet5nmAQ&usg=AFQjCNFSjMfIZFak VpfMBV4PLVhVO_Jt0A&sig2=wgDGdmtyyh95nicas1oGZg)
[YouTube - 2008 Fire Prevention Week - "Exit Strategy"](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=9&ved=0CGYQtwIwCA&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DC8FvVt9Gq1 4&ei=YNc2TZ3aNoi4sQOet5nmAQ&usg=AFQjCNFidn62fJsbXV 7n_QV3qfu0sfITzw&sig2=D4gipDeOhja0m6TDJ5Zo9Q)
[YouTube - Introduction to Fire Safety (Fire Safety at Work - Part 1 of 4)](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=1&ved=0CD8QtwIwAA&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DDs3sweLlo0 I&ei=Hdg2Tb7cGIuusAOj6MnlAQ&usg=AFQjCNEu1rji6_spG8 JOk-9y610CFT6Wqg&sig2=fZSSzUhLIpDXh2_z1h71Lg)
[YouTube - Fire Evacuation (Fire Safety at Work - Part 3 of 4)](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=2&ved=0CEQQtwIwAQ&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dol74f-rCnKg&ei=Hdg2Tb7cGIuusAOj6MnlAQ&usg=AFQjCNFqMOe4tg zBQV8VxNiEAqKBxzU2AA&sig2=Q12vvhDoqmSVxSu7zGN6lg)
[YouTube - Extinguishing Fires at Work (Fire Safety at Work - Part 3 of 4)](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=3&ved=0CEkQtwIwAg&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DBjmaL_6eDS 8&ei=Hdg2Tb7cGIuusAOj6MnlAQ&usg=AFQjCNHBozVaCvF_7Q p52KowDBgwhdjCrw&sig2=YkmT91D6Pbp7eiBVj9349w)
[YouTube - Broadcast Yourself.](http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=C5478AEEA1A26567)
[YouTube - Fire Safety at Work (4 Fire Safety Titles)](http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=video&cd=8&ved=0CGYQtwIwBw&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dghi7dFj9fx 8&ei=Hdg2Tb7cGIuusAOj6MnlAQ&usg=AFQjCNHyOxN0CI6Pvn HSqj6Hof8fIV55Ow&sig2=E-c3kZQM3i5iQMHrGWmPJQ)
[Fire Safety Awareness | General House & Home | Howcast.com
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-The user's reply on fire prevention and safe work permit training is comprehensive and provides valuable guidelines for workplace safety. (1 Acknowledge point)
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Dear All,
Let's have a look at another contribution from my side... Don't Drink & Drive. By doing this, we are just putting others' lives in danger.
Dear Raghu, the safety signages video is very good. We are just collecting all types of videos. Good job! Keep on sharing.
Dear Terry, thanks once again for helping by understanding the needs of forum members. Just keep on sharing your expertise with us.
From India
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Let's have a look at another contribution from my side... Don't Drink & Drive. By doing this, we are just putting others' lives in danger.
Dear Raghu, the safety signages video is very good. We are just collecting all types of videos. Good job! Keep on sharing.
Dear Terry, thanks once again for helping by understanding the needs of forum members. Just keep on sharing your expertise with us.
From India
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Dear all,
Another one from my side regarding the helmet video with background song (it contains 2 parts).
Dear Dipil,
The seatbelt video is excellent. It explains nicely the importance of wearing a seatbelt. Keep on sharing.
Thank you.
From United States, Fpo
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Another one from my side regarding the helmet video with background song (it contains 2 parts).
Dear Dipil,
The seatbelt video is excellent. It explains nicely the importance of wearing a seatbelt. Keep on sharing.
Thank you.
From United States, Fpo
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Dear all, Here is the 2 nd part. . . Dear amish, I will upload work permit video later. . .
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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Dear all, Another one from myside — always wear helmet —
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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Dear all,
Please see the attached [Indian Criminals] Girl without a helmet, trying to hide the license plate. I request especially women to advise your brothers, husbands, kids, and boyfriends. If girls or women are advised, it's easy for them to reach you (Haaaa!!!!). Before you ride a bike, make sure to follow the rules. Whenever you ride with someone, please wear a helmet. It will save you from a lot of problems.
From United States, Fpo
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Please see the attached [Indian Criminals] Girl without a helmet, trying to hide the license plate. I request especially women to advise your brothers, husbands, kids, and boyfriends. If girls or women are advised, it's easy for them to reach you (Haaaa!!!!). Before you ride a bike, make sure to follow the rules. Whenever you ride with someone, please wear a helmet. It will save you from a lot of problems.
From United States, Fpo
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Dear all, Another one from myside i think already we have this video on our SVL-1 thread if yes means please ignore . . .
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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(Fact Checked)-[response] This video is not on the SVL-1 thread. You can share it here. Thank you for your contribution. (1 Acknowledge point)
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Dear all,
Please see the attached "How to Deal with Roundabouts - Driver Training for Indians" video. It helps everyone, especially in conducting training for operators. It contains two parts, and here is the first part.
Keep on sharing.
From United States, Fpo
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Please see the attached "How to Deal with Roundabouts - Driver Training for Indians" video. It helps everyone, especially in conducting training for operators. It contains two parts, and here is the first part.
Keep on sharing.
From United States, Fpo
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Dear all, Please see the attached — -How to deal with roundaboutsDriver training for Indians video — -2
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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Dear all, Another one from my side regarding PPE it contains 2-parts. . . Keep on sharing. . .
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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Dear all, Personal protective equipment Part-2. . . Keep on sharing & gaining. . .
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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Dear all, Another one from myside regarding Machine guarding. . . Dear Penney, Thanks for your links. . . Keep on sharing. . .
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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The worst thing about those Canadian Safety Guys is that they always want people to be safe at work. Like putting on your harness properly.
Fall Protection Categories
All fall protection products fit into four functional categories: Fall Arrest, Positioning, Suspension, and Retrieval.
Fall Arrest
A fall arrest system is required if any risk exists that a worker may fall from an elevated position. As a general rule, the fall arrest system should be used anytime a working height of six feet or more is reached. Working height is the distance from the walking/working surface to a grade or lower level. A fall arrest system will only come into service should a fall occur. A full-body harness with a shock-absorbing lanyard or a retractable lifeline is the only product recommended. A full-body harness distributes the forces throughout the body, and the shock-absorbing lanyard decreases the total fall arresting forces.
Positioning
This system holds the worker in place while keeping his/her hands free to work. Whenever the worker leans back, the system is activated. However, the personal positioning system is not specifically designed for fall arrest purposes.
Suspension
This equipment lowers and supports the worker while allowing a hands-free work environment and is widely used in window washing and painting industries. The suspension system components are not designed to arrest a free fall, so a backup fall arrest system should be used in conjunction with the suspension system.
Retrieval
Preplanning for retrieval in the event of a fall should be taken into consideration when developing a proactive fall management program.
Fall Protection Systems
Listed below are different types of fall safety equipment and their recommended usage:
Class 1 Body belts (single or double D-ring) are designed to restrain a person in a hazardous work position and to reduce the possibility of falls. They should not be used when fall potential exists; positioning only.
Class 2 Chest harnesses are used when there are only limited fall hazards (no vertical free fall hazard), or for retrieving persons such as removal of persons from a tank or a bin.
Class 3 Full-body harnesses are designed to arrest the most severe free falls.
Class 4 Suspension belts are independent work supports used to suspend a worker, such as boatswain's chairs or raising or lowering harnesses.
Rope Lanyard offers some elastic properties for fall arrest and is used for restraint purposes.
Web Lanyard is ideal for restraint purposes where fall hazards are less than 2 feet.
Cable Positioning Lanyards are designed for corrosive or excessive heat environments and must be used in conjunction with shock-absorbing devices.
Shock Absorbers, when used, greatly reduce the fall arresting force if a fall occurs.
Rope Grabs are deceleration devices that travel on a lifeline, used to safely ascend or descend ladders or sloped surfaces and automatically engage the lifeline to arrest the fall of an employee.
Retractable Lifeline Systems provide fall protection and mobility to the user when working at height or in areas where there is a danger of falling.
Safety Nets can be used to lessen the fall exposure when working where temporary floors and scaffolds are not used, and the fall distance exceeds 25 feet.
Rail Systems can be used on any fixed ladder as well as curved surfaces as a reliable method of fall prevention when climbing a ladder.
Effective January 1, 1998, body belts are not acceptable as part of a personal fall arrest system. An employee who uses a body belt as a personal fall arrest system is exposed to hazards such as falling out of the belt, serious internal injuries, and technical asphyxiation through prolonged suspension.
Inspection and Maintenance
To maintain their service life and high performance, all belts and harnesses should be inspected frequently. Visual inspection before each use should become routine, as well as a routine inspection by a competent person. If any of the conditions listed below are found, the equipment should be replaced before being used.
Harness Inspection
1. Belts and Rings: For harness inspections, begin at one end, hold the body side of the belt toward you, grasping the belt with your hands six to eight inches apart. Bend the belt in an inverted "U." Watch for frayed edges, broken fibers, pulled stitches, cuts, or chemical damage. Check D-rings and D-ring metal wear pads for distortion, cracks, breaks, and rough or sharp edges. The D-ring bar should be at a 90-degree angle with the long axis of the belt and should pivot freely.
Attachments of buckles and D-rings should be given special attention. Note any unusual wear, frayed or cut fibers, or distortion of the buckles. Rivets should be tight and unremovable with fingers. Body-side rivet base and outside rivets should be flat against the material. Bent rivets will fail under stress.
Inspect frayed or broken strands. Broken webbing strands generally appear as tufts on the webbing surface. Any broken, cut, or burnt stitches will be readily seen.
2. Tongue Buckle: Buckle tongues should be free of distortion in shape and motion. They should overlap the buckle frame and move freely back and forth in their socket. Rollers should turn freely on the frame. Check for distortion or sharp edges.
3. Friction Buckle: Inspect the buckle for distortion. The outer bar or center bars must be straight. Pay special attention to corners and attachment points of the center bar.
Lanyard Inspection
When inspecting lanyards, begin at one end and work to the opposite end. Slowly rotate the lanyard so that the entire circumference is checked. Spliced ends require particular attention. Hardware should be examined under procedures detailed below.
Hardware
Snaps: Inspect closely for hook and eye distortion, cracks, corrosion, or pitted surfaces. The keeper or latch should seat into the nose without binding and should not be distorted or obstructed. The keeper spring should exert sufficient force to firmly close the keeper. Keeper rocks must provide the keeper from opening when the keeper closes.
Thimbles: The thimble (protective plastic sleeve) must be firmly seated in the eye of the splice, and the splice should have no loose or cut strands. The edges of the thimble should be free of sharp edges, distortion, or cracks.
Lanyards
Steel Lanyards: While rotating a steel lanyard, watch for cuts, frayed areas, or unusual wear patterns on the wire. The use of steel lanyards for fall protection without a shock-absorbing device is not recommended.
Web Lanyard: While bending webbing over a piece of pipe, observe each side of the webbed lanyard. This will reveal any cuts or breaks. Due to the limited elasticity of the web lanyard, fall protection without the use of a shock absorber is not recommended.
Rope Lanyard: Rotation of the rope lanyard while inspecting from end to end will bring to light any fuzzy, worn, broken, or cut fibers. Weakened areas from extreme loads will appear as a noticeable change in the original diameter. The rope diameter should be uniform throughout, following a short break-in period. When a rope lanyard is used for fall protection, a shock-absorbing system should be included.
Shock-Absorbing Packs
The outer portion of the shock-absorbing pack should be examined for burn holes and tears. Stitching on areas where the pack is sewn to the D-ring, belt, or lanyard should be examined for loose strands, rips, and deterioration.
Visual Indication of Damage to
Webbing and Rope Lanyards
Heat
In excessive heat, nylon becomes brittle and has a shriveled brownish appearance. Fibers will break when flexed and should not be used above 180 degrees Fahrenheit.
Chemical
Change in color usually appears as a brownish smear or smudge. Transverse cracks appear when the belt is bent over tight. This causes a loss of elasticity in the belt.
Ultraviolet Rays
Do not store webbing and rope lanyards in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet rays can reduce the strength of some materials.
Molten Metal or Flame
Webbing and rope strands may be fused together by molten metal or flame. Watch for hard, shiny spots or a hard and brittle feel. Webbing will not support combustion; nylon will.
Paint and Solvents
Paint will penetrate and dry, restricting the movements of fibers. Drying agents and solvents in some paints will appear as chemical damage.
Cleaning of Equipment
Basic care for fall protection safety equipment will prolong and endure the life of the equipment and contribute to the performance of its vital safety function. Proper storage and maintenance after use are as important as cleaning the equipment of dirt, corrosives, or contaminants. The storage area should be clean, dry, and free of exposure to fumes or corrosive elements.
Nylon and Polyester
Wipe off all surface dirt with a sponge dampened in plain water. Squeeze the sponge dry. Dip the sponge in a mild solution of water and commercial soap or detergent. Work up a thick lather with a vigorous back-and-forth motion. Then wipe the belt dry with a clean cloth. Hang freely to dry but away from excessive heat.
Drying
Harnesses, belts, and other equipment should be dried thoroughly without exposure to heat, steam, or long periods of sunlight.
From Canada, Calgary
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Fall Protection Categories
All fall protection products fit into four functional categories: Fall Arrest, Positioning, Suspension, and Retrieval.
Fall Arrest
A fall arrest system is required if any risk exists that a worker may fall from an elevated position. As a general rule, the fall arrest system should be used anytime a working height of six feet or more is reached. Working height is the distance from the walking/working surface to a grade or lower level. A fall arrest system will only come into service should a fall occur. A full-body harness with a shock-absorbing lanyard or a retractable lifeline is the only product recommended. A full-body harness distributes the forces throughout the body, and the shock-absorbing lanyard decreases the total fall arresting forces.
Positioning
This system holds the worker in place while keeping his/her hands free to work. Whenever the worker leans back, the system is activated. However, the personal positioning system is not specifically designed for fall arrest purposes.
Suspension
This equipment lowers and supports the worker while allowing a hands-free work environment and is widely used in window washing and painting industries. The suspension system components are not designed to arrest a free fall, so a backup fall arrest system should be used in conjunction with the suspension system.
Retrieval
Preplanning for retrieval in the event of a fall should be taken into consideration when developing a proactive fall management program.
Fall Protection Systems
Listed below are different types of fall safety equipment and their recommended usage:
Class 1 Body belts (single or double D-ring) are designed to restrain a person in a hazardous work position and to reduce the possibility of falls. They should not be used when fall potential exists; positioning only.
Class 2 Chest harnesses are used when there are only limited fall hazards (no vertical free fall hazard), or for retrieving persons such as removal of persons from a tank or a bin.
Class 3 Full-body harnesses are designed to arrest the most severe free falls.
Class 4 Suspension belts are independent work supports used to suspend a worker, such as boatswain's chairs or raising or lowering harnesses.
Rope Lanyard offers some elastic properties for fall arrest and is used for restraint purposes.
Web Lanyard is ideal for restraint purposes where fall hazards are less than 2 feet.
Cable Positioning Lanyards are designed for corrosive or excessive heat environments and must be used in conjunction with shock-absorbing devices.
Shock Absorbers, when used, greatly reduce the fall arresting force if a fall occurs.
Rope Grabs are deceleration devices that travel on a lifeline, used to safely ascend or descend ladders or sloped surfaces and automatically engage the lifeline to arrest the fall of an employee.
Retractable Lifeline Systems provide fall protection and mobility to the user when working at height or in areas where there is a danger of falling.
Safety Nets can be used to lessen the fall exposure when working where temporary floors and scaffolds are not used, and the fall distance exceeds 25 feet.
Rail Systems can be used on any fixed ladder as well as curved surfaces as a reliable method of fall prevention when climbing a ladder.
Effective January 1, 1998, body belts are not acceptable as part of a personal fall arrest system. An employee who uses a body belt as a personal fall arrest system is exposed to hazards such as falling out of the belt, serious internal injuries, and technical asphyxiation through prolonged suspension.
Inspection and Maintenance
To maintain their service life and high performance, all belts and harnesses should be inspected frequently. Visual inspection before each use should become routine, as well as a routine inspection by a competent person. If any of the conditions listed below are found, the equipment should be replaced before being used.
Harness Inspection
1. Belts and Rings: For harness inspections, begin at one end, hold the body side of the belt toward you, grasping the belt with your hands six to eight inches apart. Bend the belt in an inverted "U." Watch for frayed edges, broken fibers, pulled stitches, cuts, or chemical damage. Check D-rings and D-ring metal wear pads for distortion, cracks, breaks, and rough or sharp edges. The D-ring bar should be at a 90-degree angle with the long axis of the belt and should pivot freely.
Attachments of buckles and D-rings should be given special attention. Note any unusual wear, frayed or cut fibers, or distortion of the buckles. Rivets should be tight and unremovable with fingers. Body-side rivet base and outside rivets should be flat against the material. Bent rivets will fail under stress.
Inspect frayed or broken strands. Broken webbing strands generally appear as tufts on the webbing surface. Any broken, cut, or burnt stitches will be readily seen.
2. Tongue Buckle: Buckle tongues should be free of distortion in shape and motion. They should overlap the buckle frame and move freely back and forth in their socket. Rollers should turn freely on the frame. Check for distortion or sharp edges.
3. Friction Buckle: Inspect the buckle for distortion. The outer bar or center bars must be straight. Pay special attention to corners and attachment points of the center bar.
Lanyard Inspection
When inspecting lanyards, begin at one end and work to the opposite end. Slowly rotate the lanyard so that the entire circumference is checked. Spliced ends require particular attention. Hardware should be examined under procedures detailed below.
Hardware
Snaps: Inspect closely for hook and eye distortion, cracks, corrosion, or pitted surfaces. The keeper or latch should seat into the nose without binding and should not be distorted or obstructed. The keeper spring should exert sufficient force to firmly close the keeper. Keeper rocks must provide the keeper from opening when the keeper closes.
Thimbles: The thimble (protective plastic sleeve) must be firmly seated in the eye of the splice, and the splice should have no loose or cut strands. The edges of the thimble should be free of sharp edges, distortion, or cracks.
Lanyards
Steel Lanyards: While rotating a steel lanyard, watch for cuts, frayed areas, or unusual wear patterns on the wire. The use of steel lanyards for fall protection without a shock-absorbing device is not recommended.
Web Lanyard: While bending webbing over a piece of pipe, observe each side of the webbed lanyard. This will reveal any cuts or breaks. Due to the limited elasticity of the web lanyard, fall protection without the use of a shock absorber is not recommended.
Rope Lanyard: Rotation of the rope lanyard while inspecting from end to end will bring to light any fuzzy, worn, broken, or cut fibers. Weakened areas from extreme loads will appear as a noticeable change in the original diameter. The rope diameter should be uniform throughout, following a short break-in period. When a rope lanyard is used for fall protection, a shock-absorbing system should be included.
Shock-Absorbing Packs
The outer portion of the shock-absorbing pack should be examined for burn holes and tears. Stitching on areas where the pack is sewn to the D-ring, belt, or lanyard should be examined for loose strands, rips, and deterioration.
Visual Indication of Damage to
Webbing and Rope Lanyards
Heat
In excessive heat, nylon becomes brittle and has a shriveled brownish appearance. Fibers will break when flexed and should not be used above 180 degrees Fahrenheit.
Chemical
Change in color usually appears as a brownish smear or smudge. Transverse cracks appear when the belt is bent over tight. This causes a loss of elasticity in the belt.
Ultraviolet Rays
Do not store webbing and rope lanyards in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet rays can reduce the strength of some materials.
Molten Metal or Flame
Webbing and rope strands may be fused together by molten metal or flame. Watch for hard, shiny spots or a hard and brittle feel. Webbing will not support combustion; nylon will.
Paint and Solvents
Paint will penetrate and dry, restricting the movements of fibers. Drying agents and solvents in some paints will appear as chemical damage.
Cleaning of Equipment
Basic care for fall protection safety equipment will prolong and endure the life of the equipment and contribute to the performance of its vital safety function. Proper storage and maintenance after use are as important as cleaning the equipment of dirt, corrosives, or contaminants. The storage area should be clean, dry, and free of exposure to fumes or corrosive elements.
Nylon and Polyester
Wipe off all surface dirt with a sponge dampened in plain water. Squeeze the sponge dry. Dip the sponge in a mild solution of water and commercial soap or detergent. Work up a thick lather with a vigorous back-and-forth motion. Then wipe the belt dry with a clean cloth. Hang freely to dry but away from excessive heat.
Drying
Harnesses, belts, and other equipment should be dried thoroughly without exposure to heat, steam, or long periods of sunlight.
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-The user's reply provides accurate and comprehensive information on fall protection systems, equipment, inspection, and maintenance. Well done! (1 Acknowledge point)
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Each year, over 100,000 injuries and deaths are attributable to work-related falls. According to the National Safety Council, falls are one of the leading causes of deaths in the workplace. In addition to permanent injuries and lost lives caused by falls, businesses lose billions of dollars each year from significant increases in insurance premiums, workers' compensation claims, product liability costs, and other related expenses.
What's the Problem? Several factors have contributed to these alarming and disturbing statistics:
• All fall protection equipment deteriorates with use and exposure over time, regardless of brand and/or manufacturer.
• Equipment is not inspected often enough for wear and damage.
• Proper training is not provided - often, the wrong equipment is selected for a particular situation, and equipment is not worn properly.
Those specifying or using fall protection equipment know these factors to be valid (at least at some subliminal level). Yet, it is very likely that a high percentage of equipment used on job sites throughout North America today would fail to meet safety standards if exposed to a fall, meaning someone could be seriously injured or die.
How do We Know?
On any given day, a visit to any job site in the country will unveil fall protection equipment being used that is potentially dangerous because of wear, neglect, misuse, or age/exposure. Over the past several months, shock-absorbing lanyards from a variety of manufacturers have been voluntarily removed from job sites for safety qualification, and 85% of the product samples FAILED standard safety tests (in accordance with ANSI Standards). These are surprising and alarming facts that the fall protection community has overlooked while touting the many standards and regulations to which their products are tested and deemed safe.
The recent test program focused on shock-absorbing lanyards from eight manufacturers and showed a variety of performance failures (lanyard test, 220 lbs. [100kg] @ 6 ft. [1.8m] free fall):
• 100% did not pass visual inspection criteria [weld splatter, webbing cuts/abrasions, broken stitching, frayed/burned webbing, chemical damage, discoloration, deformed hardware (cracks/rough or sharp edges) and/or loose, distorted or broken grommets, etc
• 6% had webbing that actually broke
• 24% elongated over the 42 inch (1.1m) standard
• 83% had fall arrest forces over 900 lbs. (4kN) (ANSI), with 9% over 1,800 lbs. (8kN) (OSHA)
• 6% were previously deployed but still in active service when removed from the job site
• 42% had hardware with visible defects
• 9% had snap hooks that opened during testing
• 9% had webbing that was knotted
The safety community must recognize these facts and take a proactive approach. Workers are being seriously injured in falls with equipment that initially passed industry safety standards. More troubling, worn and damaged equipment is still accessible even though it will not perform as designed in the event of a fall.
Best Intentions: Safety directors and supervisors need to make a concerted effort to keep unsafe and potentially life-threatening equipment out of the hands of those working at heights. Workers, through proper training and attentive daily inspection, will be safer and injury-free. Taking equipment out of service too early is a better alternative than explaining to a worker's family that there has been a serious accident... adopt a Smart Policy - when in doubt, throw it out!
From Canada, Calgary
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What's the Problem? Several factors have contributed to these alarming and disturbing statistics:
• All fall protection equipment deteriorates with use and exposure over time, regardless of brand and/or manufacturer.
• Equipment is not inspected often enough for wear and damage.
• Proper training is not provided - often, the wrong equipment is selected for a particular situation, and equipment is not worn properly.
Those specifying or using fall protection equipment know these factors to be valid (at least at some subliminal level). Yet, it is very likely that a high percentage of equipment used on job sites throughout North America today would fail to meet safety standards if exposed to a fall, meaning someone could be seriously injured or die.
How do We Know?
On any given day, a visit to any job site in the country will unveil fall protection equipment being used that is potentially dangerous because of wear, neglect, misuse, or age/exposure. Over the past several months, shock-absorbing lanyards from a variety of manufacturers have been voluntarily removed from job sites for safety qualification, and 85% of the product samples FAILED standard safety tests (in accordance with ANSI Standards). These are surprising and alarming facts that the fall protection community has overlooked while touting the many standards and regulations to which their products are tested and deemed safe.
The recent test program focused on shock-absorbing lanyards from eight manufacturers and showed a variety of performance failures (lanyard test, 220 lbs. [100kg] @ 6 ft. [1.8m] free fall):
• 100% did not pass visual inspection criteria [weld splatter, webbing cuts/abrasions, broken stitching, frayed/burned webbing, chemical damage, discoloration, deformed hardware (cracks/rough or sharp edges) and/or loose, distorted or broken grommets, etc
• 6% had webbing that actually broke
• 24% elongated over the 42 inch (1.1m) standard
• 83% had fall arrest forces over 900 lbs. (4kN) (ANSI), with 9% over 1,800 lbs. (8kN) (OSHA)
• 6% were previously deployed but still in active service when removed from the job site
• 42% had hardware with visible defects
• 9% had snap hooks that opened during testing
• 9% had webbing that was knotted
The safety community must recognize these facts and take a proactive approach. Workers are being seriously injured in falls with equipment that initially passed industry safety standards. More troubling, worn and damaged equipment is still accessible even though it will not perform as designed in the event of a fall.
Best Intentions: Safety directors and supervisors need to make a concerted effort to keep unsafe and potentially life-threatening equipment out of the hands of those working at heights. Workers, through proper training and attentive daily inspection, will be safer and injury-free. Taking equipment out of service too early is a better alternative than explaining to a worker's family that there has been a serious accident... adopt a Smart Policy - when in doubt, throw it out!
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-The user's reply contains accurate and relevant information regarding fall protection equipment, inspections, and safety standards in the workplace. The details provided align with best practices for ensuring worker safety. Great job on highlighting the importance of proactive measures to prevent injuries. Well done! (1 Acknowledge point)
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How clean is your harness? Is it inspected properly? Does it meet the standards? If you are wrong, are you willing to put your life on the line for being wrong? It seems to me that death is kind of permanent, even here in Canada.
Check, inspect, verify, and clean. Follow these simple steps to preserve life and not just leave you hanging.
From Canada, Calgary
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Check, inspect, verify, and clean. Follow these simple steps to preserve life and not just leave you hanging.
From Canada, Calgary
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Recent Accidents
A roofer fell approximately 17 feet from wood scaffolding onto rocky ground, puncturing his lung and fracturing his skull, spine, and ribs.
A roofer lost his footing and fell 20 feet, fracturing his pelvis. The end of his lifeline was coiled on the roof above and not attached to an anchor.
An apprentice carpenter fell more than 37 feet through a stairwell opening and landed on the concrete floor 4 levels below. He fractured his skull and received numerous lacerations.
Accidents and injuries like these can be prevented.
Use Fall Protection
Employers must ensure that a fall protection system is used when work is being done at a place:
- From which a fall of 3 meters (10 ft) or more may occur
- Where a fall from a lesser height involves an unusual risk of injury
Depending on the situation, one or more of the following fall protection methods must be used:
- Guardrails should be installed, whenever possible, to prevent workers from falling.
- Fall restraint systems such as work positioning devices that prevent workers from traveling to the edge of the building or structure must be provided if the use of guardrails isn't practicable.
- Fall arrest systems must be used whenever a fall restraint system isn't practicable. Fall arrest systems stop workers in mid-fall, preventing them from hitting the surface below. Examples include safety nets and full-body harnesses attached by lifelines to secure anchors.
- Control zones can be used in certain cases. Control zones involve setting raised warning lines at a safe distance - 2 meters (6.5 ft) - from unguarded edges. A safety monitor is required to ensure that workers in the control zone work in a manner that minimizes their potential fall.
- Other fall protection systems and procedures acceptable to the WCB may also be used.
Properly Instruct, Train, and Supervise Workers
Before a worker is allowed into an area where a risk of falling exists, employers must ensure workers are trained in the safe use of the fall protection equipment they will be using.
Have a Fall Protection Plan
A written fall protection plan is required if:
- Work is being done at a location where workers are not protected by permanent guardrails and from which a fall of 7.5 meters (25 ft) or more may occur
- The employer uses a safety monitor and control zone or other work procedures as the means of fall protection
- A fall may involve an unusual risk of injury
The plan must specify:
- The fall hazards in each area
- The fall protection systems in place for each area
- The procedures for using, maintaining, and inspecting fall protection equipment
- The procedures for rescue if a worker has fallen and is suspended by a personal fall protection system or safety net
Related "Hazard Alert" Bulletins
Here are some hazard alerts describing falls from elevation and how to prevent them:
HA02-06 Electrician's assistant dies after falling 10 feet
HA00-10 Worker falls to his death from bosun's chair
HA99-01 Do not take extension ladders apart
FA99-09 Electrician dies after a fall from a tripod ladder
HA94-01 Roofer falls off the edge
Online Resources
Calculate the uninsured cost of a fall using the Safety Calculator.
Access a list of fall protection resources for construction on WorkSafeBC's website.
From Canada, Calgary
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A roofer fell approximately 17 feet from wood scaffolding onto rocky ground, puncturing his lung and fracturing his skull, spine, and ribs.
A roofer lost his footing and fell 20 feet, fracturing his pelvis. The end of his lifeline was coiled on the roof above and not attached to an anchor.
An apprentice carpenter fell more than 37 feet through a stairwell opening and landed on the concrete floor 4 levels below. He fractured his skull and received numerous lacerations.
Accidents and injuries like these can be prevented.
Use Fall Protection
Employers must ensure that a fall protection system is used when work is being done at a place:
- From which a fall of 3 meters (10 ft) or more may occur
- Where a fall from a lesser height involves an unusual risk of injury
Depending on the situation, one or more of the following fall protection methods must be used:
- Guardrails should be installed, whenever possible, to prevent workers from falling.
- Fall restraint systems such as work positioning devices that prevent workers from traveling to the edge of the building or structure must be provided if the use of guardrails isn't practicable.
- Fall arrest systems must be used whenever a fall restraint system isn't practicable. Fall arrest systems stop workers in mid-fall, preventing them from hitting the surface below. Examples include safety nets and full-body harnesses attached by lifelines to secure anchors.
- Control zones can be used in certain cases. Control zones involve setting raised warning lines at a safe distance - 2 meters (6.5 ft) - from unguarded edges. A safety monitor is required to ensure that workers in the control zone work in a manner that minimizes their potential fall.
- Other fall protection systems and procedures acceptable to the WCB may also be used.
Properly Instruct, Train, and Supervise Workers
Before a worker is allowed into an area where a risk of falling exists, employers must ensure workers are trained in the safe use of the fall protection equipment they will be using.
Have a Fall Protection Plan
A written fall protection plan is required if:
- Work is being done at a location where workers are not protected by permanent guardrails and from which a fall of 7.5 meters (25 ft) or more may occur
- The employer uses a safety monitor and control zone or other work procedures as the means of fall protection
- A fall may involve an unusual risk of injury
The plan must specify:
- The fall hazards in each area
- The fall protection systems in place for each area
- The procedures for using, maintaining, and inspecting fall protection equipment
- The procedures for rescue if a worker has fallen and is suspended by a personal fall protection system or safety net
Related "Hazard Alert" Bulletins
Here are some hazard alerts describing falls from elevation and how to prevent them:
HA02-06 Electrician's assistant dies after falling 10 feet
HA00-10 Worker falls to his death from bosun's chair
HA99-01 Do not take extension ladders apart
FA99-09 Electrician dies after a fall from a tripod ladder
HA94-01 Roofer falls off the edge
Online Resources
Calculate the uninsured cost of a fall using the Safety Calculator.
Access a list of fall protection resources for construction on WorkSafeBC's website.
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-The user's reply regarding fall protection measures and prevention of accidents is accurate and aligns with safety regulations and best practices. Well done! (1 Acknowledge point)
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Oh, it will never happen to me, you say. "Oh, he was stupid; he didn't put it on properly."
Ok, Mr. Educated, read on.
Yes, you, you've been on this page more than once in life (that's why it's called a near miss).
Don't let the boys just hang around.
Scary, very scary. Still, the full harness correctly worn is much safer than the body belt I started out with.
Recommendations:
Safety harnesses save many lives and prevent injuries. However, continual vigilance is needed to train and supervise workers to ensure harnesses are used safely. All phases of fall protection need to be examined for each particular application. Workers and emergency response personnel must be trained to recognize the risks of suspension trauma.
Before the potential fall:
- Workers should use caution when working alone in a harness.
- Rope/cable tenders must ensure the harness user is conscious at all times.
- Time in suspension should be limited to under five minutes. Longer suspensions must have foothold straps or means for putting weight on the legs.
- Harnesses should be selected for specific applications and must consider compliance (convenience), potential arrest injury, and suspension trauma.
- Tie-off lanyards should be anchored as high and tight as work permits.
After a fall:
- Workers should be trained to try to move their legs in the harness and push against any footholds.
- Workers hanging in a harness should be trained to try to get their legs as high as possible and their heads as close to horizontal as possible (this is nearly impossible with many commercial harnesses in use today).
- If the worker is suspended upright, emergency measures must be taken to remove the worker from suspension or move the fallen worker into a horizontal posture, or at least to a sitting position.
For harness rescues:
- The victim should not be suspended in a vertical (upright) posture with the legs dangling straight. Victims should be kept as nearly horizontal as possible, or at least in a sitting position.
- Rescuers should be trained that victims who are suspended vertically before rescue are in a potentially fatal situation.
- Rescuers must be aware that post-rescue death may occur if victims are moved to a horizontal position too rapidly.
Recommendations on harnesses:
- It may be advantageous in some circumstances to locate the lanyard or tie-off attachment of the harness as near to the body's center of gravity as possible to reduce whiplash and other trauma when a fall is arrested. This also facilitates moving legs upward and head downward while suspended.
- Front (stomach or chest) rather than rear (back) harness lanyard attachment points will aid uninjured workers in self-rescue. This is crucial if workers are not closely supervised.
- Any time a worker must spend time hanging in a harness, a harness with a seat rather than straps alone should be used to help position the upper legs horizontally.
- A gradual arrest device should be employed to lessen deceleration injuries.
Follow this link for the complete report on OHS: Will Your Safety Harness Kill You? Workers and emergency response personnel must be trained to recognize the risks of suspension trauma. [CDC Website](http://cdc.gov)
Follow this link for manufacturer's instructions on harness use inspection and care: [Miller Fall Protection Website](http://www.millerfallprotection.com)
I find this way too graphic and believe a deceleration device was not utilized. [Lineman Website](http://lineman.co.nz)
From Canada, Calgary
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Ok, Mr. Educated, read on.
Yes, you, you've been on this page more than once in life (that's why it's called a near miss).
Don't let the boys just hang around.
Scary, very scary. Still, the full harness correctly worn is much safer than the body belt I started out with.
Recommendations:
Safety harnesses save many lives and prevent injuries. However, continual vigilance is needed to train and supervise workers to ensure harnesses are used safely. All phases of fall protection need to be examined for each particular application. Workers and emergency response personnel must be trained to recognize the risks of suspension trauma.
Before the potential fall:
- Workers should use caution when working alone in a harness.
- Rope/cable tenders must ensure the harness user is conscious at all times.
- Time in suspension should be limited to under five minutes. Longer suspensions must have foothold straps or means for putting weight on the legs.
- Harnesses should be selected for specific applications and must consider compliance (convenience), potential arrest injury, and suspension trauma.
- Tie-off lanyards should be anchored as high and tight as work permits.
After a fall:
- Workers should be trained to try to move their legs in the harness and push against any footholds.
- Workers hanging in a harness should be trained to try to get their legs as high as possible and their heads as close to horizontal as possible (this is nearly impossible with many commercial harnesses in use today).
- If the worker is suspended upright, emergency measures must be taken to remove the worker from suspension or move the fallen worker into a horizontal posture, or at least to a sitting position.
For harness rescues:
- The victim should not be suspended in a vertical (upright) posture with the legs dangling straight. Victims should be kept as nearly horizontal as possible, or at least in a sitting position.
- Rescuers should be trained that victims who are suspended vertically before rescue are in a potentially fatal situation.
- Rescuers must be aware that post-rescue death may occur if victims are moved to a horizontal position too rapidly.
Recommendations on harnesses:
- It may be advantageous in some circumstances to locate the lanyard or tie-off attachment of the harness as near to the body's center of gravity as possible to reduce whiplash and other trauma when a fall is arrested. This also facilitates moving legs upward and head downward while suspended.
- Front (stomach or chest) rather than rear (back) harness lanyard attachment points will aid uninjured workers in self-rescue. This is crucial if workers are not closely supervised.
- Any time a worker must spend time hanging in a harness, a harness with a seat rather than straps alone should be used to help position the upper legs horizontally.
- A gradual arrest device should be employed to lessen deceleration injuries.
Follow this link for the complete report on OHS: Will Your Safety Harness Kill You? Workers and emergency response personnel must be trained to recognize the risks of suspension trauma. [CDC Website](http://cdc.gov)
Follow this link for manufacturer's instructions on harness use inspection and care: [Miller Fall Protection Website](http://www.millerfallprotection.com)
I find this way too graphic and believe a deceleration device was not utilized. [Lineman Website](http://lineman.co.nz)
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-[response] The user reply contains detailed and accurate information regarding the importance of safety harnesses and the precautions to be taken before, during, and after a fall. The recommendations provided align with best practices for fall protection and harness use. (1 Acknowledge point)
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Hand vibration risk at work
How white are your fingers? Well, soon they will be black if you don't protect them.
[Hand arm vibration at work](http://www.hse.gov.uk/vibration/hav/index.htm)
From Canada, Calgary
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How white are your fingers? Well, soon they will be black if you don't protect them.
[Hand arm vibration at work](http://www.hse.gov.uk/vibration/hav/index.htm)
From Canada, Calgary
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But it's my wedding ring; my spouse gave it to me.
Best Practice Guidance for JEWELLERY MANAGEMENT at WORK
The intent of this guidance is to provide the best industry practice on how the wearing of jewelry is safely managed in the Oil & Gas industry.
Introduction
Serious injuries have occurred as a result of personnel wearing jewelry at work. These injuries have been caused by contact with hazards such as electricity, moving equipment/machinery, and hot surfaces. Other serious injuries have also occurred from less obvious events like catching rings while climbing ladders. Accident records show that jewelry can significantly contribute to the nature and extent of such injuries.
Objective
All industry Jewelry Policies have the objective of 'No harm occurs to an individual as a result of wearing jewelry while working.'
Jewelry Definition
For the purpose of this guidance, jewelry refers to finger rings, earrings, studs, facial attachments such as chains/rings, bracelets (including medical bracelets), necklaces, and watches.
Application
This guidance applies to operational locations and worksites on and offshore. 'Workface' refers to the location of the specific activity the individual is undertaking.
The majority of industry jewelry policies do apply in accommodation and office locations where the work involves higher-risk activities (such as electrical, catering/laundry, gardening, chemical use, and maintenance). In such circumstances, the jewelry is either banned (as for the rest of the installation) OR AT LEAST a risk assessment has been carried out for the wearing during the activity. The removal of jewelry while using Gym equipment has also been encouraged as 'best practice.'
BEST PRACTICE in JEWELRY POLICY
• Wearing of finger rings, earrings, and facial jewelry is banned at the workface. (A few companies allow the wearing of a flat band wedding ring only if it cannot be removed, and that it is taped up - even if being worn under gloves).
• Wearing of bracelets and necklaces is banned at the workface. The only exception is the 'open copper' type medical bracelets.
• Where other jewelry such as body piercing is worn, this is only permitted at the workface WHERE it is continuously and completely covered by clothing and PPE (such as coveralls and catering jackets).
• Watches should be removed when working with moving equipment/machinery. Watches should be completely covered by PPE (such as coverall cuffs)
JEWELRY POLICY implementation
The following are various approaches that industry companies have taken to successfully implement their Jewelry Policies.
• Raising awareness that 'ring taping' in itself can create a further hazard if applied incorrectly. Tape applied too tightly can reduce blood flow (especially conditions of elevated temperatures or during work exertion), applied too loosely - then 'hook-up' of the ring can still occur. The use of flexible tape is recommended.
• Assisting in the costs associated with enabling 'non-removable' rings to become 'removable.'
• Assisting with the supply of a watch strap containing a 'quick release' link.
• Ensuring Jewelry Policy implementation for offshore workers is policed at the heliport/admin PRIOR to offshore travel.
• Conducting awareness/education campaigns relating to the risks of wearing Jewelry in the workplace. These include posters, presentations, and videos.
• Ensuring the wearing of jewelry is a 'list item' considered during activity formal risk assessment and again during 'toolbox talks' prior to work starting.
• Ensuring Jewelry Policy is clearly explained during 'Company and Site Induction.'
• Completely banning the wearing of jewelry.
From Canada, Calgary
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Best Practice Guidance for JEWELLERY MANAGEMENT at WORK
The intent of this guidance is to provide the best industry practice on how the wearing of jewelry is safely managed in the Oil & Gas industry.
Introduction
Serious injuries have occurred as a result of personnel wearing jewelry at work. These injuries have been caused by contact with hazards such as electricity, moving equipment/machinery, and hot surfaces. Other serious injuries have also occurred from less obvious events like catching rings while climbing ladders. Accident records show that jewelry can significantly contribute to the nature and extent of such injuries.
Objective
All industry Jewelry Policies have the objective of 'No harm occurs to an individual as a result of wearing jewelry while working.'
Jewelry Definition
For the purpose of this guidance, jewelry refers to finger rings, earrings, studs, facial attachments such as chains/rings, bracelets (including medical bracelets), necklaces, and watches.
Application
This guidance applies to operational locations and worksites on and offshore. 'Workface' refers to the location of the specific activity the individual is undertaking.
The majority of industry jewelry policies do apply in accommodation and office locations where the work involves higher-risk activities (such as electrical, catering/laundry, gardening, chemical use, and maintenance). In such circumstances, the jewelry is either banned (as for the rest of the installation) OR AT LEAST a risk assessment has been carried out for the wearing during the activity. The removal of jewelry while using Gym equipment has also been encouraged as 'best practice.'
BEST PRACTICE in JEWELRY POLICY
• Wearing of finger rings, earrings, and facial jewelry is banned at the workface. (A few companies allow the wearing of a flat band wedding ring only if it cannot be removed, and that it is taped up - even if being worn under gloves).
• Wearing of bracelets and necklaces is banned at the workface. The only exception is the 'open copper' type medical bracelets.
• Where other jewelry such as body piercing is worn, this is only permitted at the workface WHERE it is continuously and completely covered by clothing and PPE (such as coveralls and catering jackets).
• Watches should be removed when working with moving equipment/machinery. Watches should be completely covered by PPE (such as coverall cuffs)
JEWELRY POLICY implementation
The following are various approaches that industry companies have taken to successfully implement their Jewelry Policies.
• Raising awareness that 'ring taping' in itself can create a further hazard if applied incorrectly. Tape applied too tightly can reduce blood flow (especially conditions of elevated temperatures or during work exertion), applied too loosely - then 'hook-up' of the ring can still occur. The use of flexible tape is recommended.
• Assisting in the costs associated with enabling 'non-removable' rings to become 'removable.'
• Assisting with the supply of a watch strap containing a 'quick release' link.
• Ensuring Jewelry Policy implementation for offshore workers is policed at the heliport/admin PRIOR to offshore travel.
• Conducting awareness/education campaigns relating to the risks of wearing Jewelry in the workplace. These include posters, presentations, and videos.
• Ensuring the wearing of jewelry is a 'list item' considered during activity formal risk assessment and again during 'toolbox talks' prior to work starting.
• Ensuring Jewelry Policy is clearly explained during 'Company and Site Induction.'
• Completely banning the wearing of jewelry.
From Canada, Calgary
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Hmm safety with a twist or just a hint of where to find the answer when you're looking. But first, you have to understand the hazard or risk so you can ask that all-empowering question to save a life. This is exactly the content of this forum.
A twist or hint of safety. The rest of the formula is yours to create and develop.
http://miningquiz.com
http://uwsp.edu
http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBgQFjAA&url=http%3A %2F%2Fstepchangeinsafety.net%2Fstepchange%2FNews%2 FStreamContentPart.aspx%3FID%3D704&ei=EkY8TdfBKsH_ lgf0opSUBw&usg=AFQjCNEp5nckkar8LHx8Zbv1-D_Q2WQt4Q&sig2=WWWN4y4nVcVbRlj_4katHQ
http://hartserv.co.uk
Some members were asking about bulk chemicals and storage of the same. Here are some excellent sites and knowledge-based companies.
http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=11&ved=0CBQQFjAAOAo&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fepanote2.epa.vic.gov.au%2FEPA%2Fpublicat ions.nsf%2Fd85500a0d7f5f07b4a2565d1002268f3%2F6169 d45c85dc783d4a2569fa00087aa0%2F%24FILE%2F347.pdf&e i=pUk8TeSmHpC-sQPS1tjWAw&usg=AFQjCNEKzvzgBotfx6rIUezaS-D8EAWXdA&sig2=2moh9fdVR4fM_1CdWyyqgw
http://stepchangeinsafety.net
From Canada, Calgary
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A twist or hint of safety. The rest of the formula is yours to create and develop.
http://miningquiz.com
http://uwsp.edu
http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBgQFjAA&url=http%3A %2F%2Fstepchangeinsafety.net%2Fstepchange%2FNews%2 FStreamContentPart.aspx%3FID%3D704&ei=EkY8TdfBKsH_ lgf0opSUBw&usg=AFQjCNEp5nckkar8LHx8Zbv1-D_Q2WQt4Q&sig2=WWWN4y4nVcVbRlj_4katHQ
http://hartserv.co.uk
Some members were asking about bulk chemicals and storage of the same. Here are some excellent sites and knowledge-based companies.
http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=11&ved=0CBQQFjAAOAo&url=htt p%3A%2F%2Fepanote2.epa.vic.gov.au%2FEPA%2Fpublicat ions.nsf%2Fd85500a0d7f5f07b4a2565d1002268f3%2F6169 d45c85dc783d4a2569fa00087aa0%2F%24FILE%2F347.pdf&e i=pUk8TeSmHpC-sQPS1tjWAw&usg=AFQjCNEKzvzgBotfx6rIUezaS-D8EAWXdA&sig2=2moh9fdVR4fM_1CdWyyqgw
http://stepchangeinsafety.net
From Canada, Calgary
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No fear No Tears
Bullies and Harrassment is against the Law Clean Simple Clear
Upon first meeting, a bully may come across as polite, amiable and even jovial. The term “wolf in sheep’s clothing” comes to mind. At the outset, a bully may be winsome and engaging, seeking to win your trust. All the while, he or she is gathering information that may prove useful later in thwarting the goals and desires you’ve revealed.
Bullies typically possess a “Type A” personality; they are competitive and appear driven, operating as they do from a sense of urgency. This has its advantages in the workplace but the shadow side of Type A is the tendency to become frustrated and verbally abusive when things don’t go according to plan. Impatience and temper tantrums are common for Type A individuals who haven’t engaged in the personal growth required to gain self-awareness, maintain emotional stability and consider situations from multiple points of view.
Because of the bully’s “two-faced” nature—considerate if things are going well and abusive if not—his or her presence in an organization can cause the work environment to become tense. People feel as if they are “walking on eggshells” around the bully. They feel he or she is a “sleeping giant” who could, upon awakening, explode with rage.
Above all, bullies crave power and control, and this craving underlies much of what they do, say and fail to do and say at work. Bullies use charm and deceit to further their own ends and seem oblivious to the trail of damage they leave behind, as long as their appetites for power and control are fulfilled.
When confronted, bullies typically ramp up the negativity rather than curtail it because they feel a loss of control. The more threatened they feel, the more aggressive they become, and unfortunately, they are easily threatened because of the deep-seated insecurity they strive at all costs to hide, even from themselves.
If you’ve been bullied, you may find it difficult to see past the bully’s shortcomings enough to feel sorry for him or her, and in that way to begin moving past bitterness toward forgiveness. It may help you to remember that despite all of their arrogance and bravado, bullies are needy, weak and yes, unwell. They abuse their power in order to feel good about themselves. They lash out at others in order to protect themselves. At the end of the day, they are afraid their inadequacies will be exposed. They are terrified of the emptiness inside their hearts, which they have not allowed love to reach.
From Canada, Calgary
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Bullies and Harrassment is against the Law Clean Simple Clear
Upon first meeting, a bully may come across as polite, amiable and even jovial. The term “wolf in sheep’s clothing” comes to mind. At the outset, a bully may be winsome and engaging, seeking to win your trust. All the while, he or she is gathering information that may prove useful later in thwarting the goals and desires you’ve revealed.
Bullies typically possess a “Type A” personality; they are competitive and appear driven, operating as they do from a sense of urgency. This has its advantages in the workplace but the shadow side of Type A is the tendency to become frustrated and verbally abusive when things don’t go according to plan. Impatience and temper tantrums are common for Type A individuals who haven’t engaged in the personal growth required to gain self-awareness, maintain emotional stability and consider situations from multiple points of view.
Because of the bully’s “two-faced” nature—considerate if things are going well and abusive if not—his or her presence in an organization can cause the work environment to become tense. People feel as if they are “walking on eggshells” around the bully. They feel he or she is a “sleeping giant” who could, upon awakening, explode with rage.
Above all, bullies crave power and control, and this craving underlies much of what they do, say and fail to do and say at work. Bullies use charm and deceit to further their own ends and seem oblivious to the trail of damage they leave behind, as long as their appetites for power and control are fulfilled.
When confronted, bullies typically ramp up the negativity rather than curtail it because they feel a loss of control. The more threatened they feel, the more aggressive they become, and unfortunately, they are easily threatened because of the deep-seated insecurity they strive at all costs to hide, even from themselves.
If you’ve been bullied, you may find it difficult to see past the bully’s shortcomings enough to feel sorry for him or her, and in that way to begin moving past bitterness toward forgiveness. It may help you to remember that despite all of their arrogance and bravado, bullies are needy, weak and yes, unwell. They abuse their power in order to feel good about themselves. They lash out at others in order to protect themselves. At the end of the day, they are afraid their inadequacies will be exposed. They are terrified of the emptiness inside their hearts, which they have not allowed love to reach.
From Canada, Calgary
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Put up your hands, how many of you saw the saw safety presentation and recognized the value of saw safety? For those of you who saw it, there's a bonus! For the others, here is your chance to see the saw e-learning. All the saws are noted.
[Machine Guarding eTool](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/machineguarding/saws.html)
From Canada, Calgary
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[Machine Guarding eTool](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/machineguarding/saws.html)
From Canada, Calgary
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Don't shout at me, point your finger, or stamp your foot.
As a former peace officer, those would be signs of aggressive behavior and could be viewed as a threat.
Workplace violence and bullying are significant issues. People need to feel secure and not harassed at work. They are expected to do a good job for an honest day's pay without the risk of someone throwing temper tantrums.
However, people often find themselves belittled, pushed, or faced with negative comments.
STOP THE VIOLENCE
Here's just a taste of what you'll learn in Bully Free at Work...
- To understand what workplace bullying truly is and why it's happening to you so you can take appropriate actions to solve the real issues at hand!
- How to effectively evaluate your unique workplace bullying circumstances with my powerful assessment tools so you can begin to put together the missing pieces and create a customized solution for yourself.
- To be able to identify the bullies from the rest of the pack so you can stop the cycle dead in its tracks!
- To understand why people bully so you can equip yourself with the right tools to deal with it like a pro.
- Be educated about the tactics bullies use so you can be totally conscious of what is going on and maneuver through the mess with ease.
- To understand the exact characteristics bullies look for in a target so you can take action to bully-proof yourself.
- That workplace bullying is a cycle that can be broken and how you can break the cycle yourself!
- How to effectively assess if the physical, mental, and emotional symptoms you have developed are from workplace bullying, so you can fully comprehend the impact it is having on you.
- Learn my powerful 4 Pronged approach that is an absolute must-have in your toolkit to empower yourself and take action now!
- Work through my specifically designed written exercises to clarify and state the workplace bullying problem that you're facing so you can immediately take effective steps to solve it!
- To arm yourself with powerful evidence by learning how to create a valuable workplace bullying log.
- Know that you are #1. Learn how to look out for yourself by utilizing my simple exercises and assignments that will transform your physical health and well-being.
- Complete my questionnaire specially designed to help you create your very own customized stress management plan.
- Harness the power of reframing to turn around negative thought processes so that you are empowered rather than powerless.
- Know that you're NOT alone – Learn how to surround yourself with a support team so that you know someone's "got your back."
- How to be more confident by teaching you how to identify and play to your strengths.
- Follow my rock-solid 3-step process that enables you to make good decisions and feel confident about where you're going.
- I'll also show you how to effectively assess and improve your assertiveness skills and gain increased respect at work!
- Evaluate if it's time to throw in the towel and move on to bigger and better things.
- And, last but not least, I'll show you the exact steps employers can implement to bully-proof their workplace culture to prevent bullying from happening in the first place...
"But What Do I Do When the Bully Attacks Me?..."
Bully Free at Work Comes Complete With 21 Highly Effective Techniques that Deflate, Deflect, and Disarm the Bully. Here's a Sneak Peek...
You Will Learn:
- How to focus on the positive aspects of your life like your friends and family and stop the negativity train dead in its tracks so you can get back to enjoying life.
- To identify what an unfair conversation looks like and how to maneuver around or through it so you realize that you are not crazy when you meet with the bully!
- How to recognize your true feelings to identify how you come across to others and take full control of 'who you want to be.'
- Bullies use passive and heavy control against you; learn how to identify and handle both of these tactics like a seasoned professional so you can hold the upper hand, not them.
- How to mean what you say and say what you mean at exactly the right time so that you are in direct control of very clear messages that you send to the bully.
- To understand precisely what to do when someone with authority over you makes a false statement and insists that it's true so you can take back your power and respect.
- Learn how to spot avoidance tactics that bullies use to take you off subject and divert the real issue at hand so you can truly hold them accountable for their words and actions.
- How to arm yourself with the tools that will put an end to sarcastic remarks and deflate the bully's arrogant and ignorant comments.
- How to deflect and divert ridiculous mind-reading by the bully and stand your ground.
When the bully interrupts you, they take your power and undermine you; Bully Free at Work teaches you the 4 necessary keys to effectiveness that put you back in the driver's seat.
- To redirect the bully from acting like you've made an unreasonable request so you stand firm in your power.
- Bully Free at Work teaches an incredibly useful technique called mirroring that keeps both the speaker and the listener 'centered' in a difficult conversation so you aren't steamrolled by the bully.
- Learn highly effective short and simple comebacks to bring the bully's power down to size and diffuse the situation.
- And last but not least, how to harness the power of expectation and intent so you create the workplace environment that you want, not the other way around.
A workplace bully affects everyone
YouTube - Vicious Cycle of Workplace Bullying
YouTube - What is Workplace Bullying?
From Canada, Calgary
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As a former peace officer, those would be signs of aggressive behavior and could be viewed as a threat.
Workplace violence and bullying are significant issues. People need to feel secure and not harassed at work. They are expected to do a good job for an honest day's pay without the risk of someone throwing temper tantrums.
However, people often find themselves belittled, pushed, or faced with negative comments.
STOP THE VIOLENCE
Here's just a taste of what you'll learn in Bully Free at Work...
- To understand what workplace bullying truly is and why it's happening to you so you can take appropriate actions to solve the real issues at hand!
- How to effectively evaluate your unique workplace bullying circumstances with my powerful assessment tools so you can begin to put together the missing pieces and create a customized solution for yourself.
- To be able to identify the bullies from the rest of the pack so you can stop the cycle dead in its tracks!
- To understand why people bully so you can equip yourself with the right tools to deal with it like a pro.
- Be educated about the tactics bullies use so you can be totally conscious of what is going on and maneuver through the mess with ease.
- To understand the exact characteristics bullies look for in a target so you can take action to bully-proof yourself.
- That workplace bullying is a cycle that can be broken and how you can break the cycle yourself!
- How to effectively assess if the physical, mental, and emotional symptoms you have developed are from workplace bullying, so you can fully comprehend the impact it is having on you.
- Learn my powerful 4 Pronged approach that is an absolute must-have in your toolkit to empower yourself and take action now!
- Work through my specifically designed written exercises to clarify and state the workplace bullying problem that you're facing so you can immediately take effective steps to solve it!
- To arm yourself with powerful evidence by learning how to create a valuable workplace bullying log.
- Know that you are #1. Learn how to look out for yourself by utilizing my simple exercises and assignments that will transform your physical health and well-being.
- Complete my questionnaire specially designed to help you create your very own customized stress management plan.
- Harness the power of reframing to turn around negative thought processes so that you are empowered rather than powerless.
- Know that you're NOT alone – Learn how to surround yourself with a support team so that you know someone's "got your back."
- How to be more confident by teaching you how to identify and play to your strengths.
- Follow my rock-solid 3-step process that enables you to make good decisions and feel confident about where you're going.
- I'll also show you how to effectively assess and improve your assertiveness skills and gain increased respect at work!
- Evaluate if it's time to throw in the towel and move on to bigger and better things.
- And, last but not least, I'll show you the exact steps employers can implement to bully-proof their workplace culture to prevent bullying from happening in the first place...
"But What Do I Do When the Bully Attacks Me?..."
Bully Free at Work Comes Complete With 21 Highly Effective Techniques that Deflate, Deflect, and Disarm the Bully. Here's a Sneak Peek...
You Will Learn:
- How to focus on the positive aspects of your life like your friends and family and stop the negativity train dead in its tracks so you can get back to enjoying life.
- To identify what an unfair conversation looks like and how to maneuver around or through it so you realize that you are not crazy when you meet with the bully!
- How to recognize your true feelings to identify how you come across to others and take full control of 'who you want to be.'
- Bullies use passive and heavy control against you; learn how to identify and handle both of these tactics like a seasoned professional so you can hold the upper hand, not them.
- How to mean what you say and say what you mean at exactly the right time so that you are in direct control of very clear messages that you send to the bully.
- To understand precisely what to do when someone with authority over you makes a false statement and insists that it's true so you can take back your power and respect.
- Learn how to spot avoidance tactics that bullies use to take you off subject and divert the real issue at hand so you can truly hold them accountable for their words and actions.
- How to arm yourself with the tools that will put an end to sarcastic remarks and deflate the bully's arrogant and ignorant comments.
- How to deflect and divert ridiculous mind-reading by the bully and stand your ground.
When the bully interrupts you, they take your power and undermine you; Bully Free at Work teaches you the 4 necessary keys to effectiveness that put you back in the driver's seat.
- To redirect the bully from acting like you've made an unreasonable request so you stand firm in your power.
- Bully Free at Work teaches an incredibly useful technique called mirroring that keeps both the speaker and the listener 'centered' in a difficult conversation so you aren't steamrolled by the bully.
- Learn highly effective short and simple comebacks to bring the bully's power down to size and diffuse the situation.
- And last but not least, how to harness the power of expectation and intent so you create the workplace environment that you want, not the other way around.
A workplace bully affects everyone
YouTube - Vicious Cycle of Workplace Bullying
YouTube - What is Workplace Bullying?
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-[response] The user reply contains valuable insights on workplace violence and bullying. It's crucial to create a safe and respectful work environment for all employees. (1 Acknowledge point)
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Think before you do that critical lift.
Below is a list describing six of the typical problems that Provincial Inspectors are finding during their investigations involving overhead cranes:
1. No written procedures in place for lifting complex and larger loads.
2. Insufficient training provided to workers on the determination of safe limits for lifting loads and the calculation of load weight.
3. Workers not made aware of the weight of loads and when they were filled with materials.
4. No records of annual or daily inspections being performed on the crane or other lifting equipment by a competent person.
5. No records to indicate the crane is properly maintained in good condition.
6. Lack of proper training records.
From Canada, Calgary
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Below is a list describing six of the typical problems that Provincial Inspectors are finding during their investigations involving overhead cranes:
1. No written procedures in place for lifting complex and larger loads.
2. Insufficient training provided to workers on the determination of safe limits for lifting loads and the calculation of load weight.
3. Workers not made aware of the weight of loads and when they were filled with materials.
4. No records of annual or daily inspections being performed on the crane or other lifting equipment by a competent person.
5. No records to indicate the crane is properly maintained in good condition.
6. Lack of proper training records.
From Canada, Calgary
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Everyone uses ladders to reach out-of-the-way objects on pantry shelves or closets, to wash windows, or to clean gutters on the roof of a house. Ladders are so useful and commonplace that they are often taken for granted. That's a mistake because falling off a ladder is also commonplace.
Use the Correct Ladder
Use a ladder of proper length to reach the working height you need. Inside a house, that probably means a low stepladder; outside, you may need a taller stepladder, and for some projects, an even taller single or extension ladder. Use a ladder according to use and working load—the combined weight of the climber and the load being carried.
TYPE DUTY RATING WORKING LOAD
IA Industrial extra heavy 300 lbs. maximum
I Industrial heavy 250 lbs. maximum
II Commercial medium 225 lbs. maximum
III Household light 200 lbs. maximum
Always inspect the ladder before you use it. Never use the ladder if it is damaged, broken, or bent.
Do not make a temporary repair of broken or missing parts and then use the ladder. The temporary repair could fail while you are high off the ground. A ladder should be free from grease, oil, mud, snow, and other slippery materials before using.
Moving the Ladder
You should carry a single or extension ladder parallel to the ground. Hold the side rail in the middle of the ladder so you can balance the load. You should get help moving a very long ladder.
You should always carry a stepladder in the closed position.
Before you use a single ladder, extension ladder, or stepladder outside the house, make sure it will not hit electrical wires, tree limbs, or any other obstructions when it is extended.
To ensure that the ladder is stable, place the feet of the ladder on firm, even ground.
The bottom of the ladder should be 1 foot away from the wall for every 4 feet that the ladder rises. For example, if the ladder touches the wall 16 feet above the ground, the feet of the ladder should be 4 feet from the wall. If you are going to climb onto a roof, the ladder should extend 3 feet higher than the roof. The upper and lower sections of an extension ladder should overlap to provide stability.
Recommended Height of a Ladder
Ladder Height Maximum Work Height
16 ft. ladder 13 ft. maximum work height
24 ft. ladder 21 ft. maximum work height
28 ft. ladder 24 ft. maximum work height
32 ft. ladder 29 ft. maximum work height
36 ft. ladder 32 ft. maximum work height
Before using a stepladder, make sure it is fully open and the spreaders or braces between the two sections are fully extended and locked.
Whether inside or outside the house, do not place stepladders or utility ladders on boxes, countertops, or unstable surfaces to gain additional height.
The highest standing level on a stepladder should be two steps down from the top.
Using the Ladder
Before climbing a ladder, make sure the locks are secured and the bottom and top of the ladder rails are on firm surfaces. The soles of your shoes should be clean so they do not slip off the ladder rungs. Do not wear leather-soled shoes because they can be slippery. Your shoelaces should be securely tied. Make sure your shoelaces and pant legs are not so long that they extend under your shoes and cause you to slip.
• Face the ladder while climbing and stay in the center of the rails. Grip both rails securely while climbing.
• Do not lean over the side of the ladder. Your belt buckle should not be further than the side rail.
• On single or extension ladders, never stand above the third rung from the top and never climb above the point where the ladder touches the wall or vertical support.
• On stepladders, never stand on the paint shelf, spreaders, or back section.
• Never stand on the top rung of any ladder.
• Do not overreach. It is safer to move the ladder to a new location when needed. Do not try to "jog" or "walk" the ladder to a new location while standing on it. Climb down and reposition the ladder.
• Do not overload a ladder. It is meant to be used by only one person at a time.
• Never use a ladder in high winds.
• Do not use any ladder if you tire easily, are subject to fainting spells, or are using medications or alcohol that make you dizzy or drowsy.
What to Do If You Fall From a Ladder
• Calmly assess the situation and determine if you are hurt.
• Get up slowly.
• If you feel that an injury has occurred which prevents standing or walking, do not panic. Call for assistance. If the injury is serious, call 911.
• If you are not injured, rest for a while and regain your composure before climbing again.
Ladders are useful tools, but they must be used properly to avoid turning a household chore into a trip to the emergency room or a physician's office.
From Canada, Calgary
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Use the Correct Ladder
Use a ladder of proper length to reach the working height you need. Inside a house, that probably means a low stepladder; outside, you may need a taller stepladder, and for some projects, an even taller single or extension ladder. Use a ladder according to use and working load—the combined weight of the climber and the load being carried.
TYPE DUTY RATING WORKING LOAD
IA Industrial extra heavy 300 lbs. maximum
I Industrial heavy 250 lbs. maximum
II Commercial medium 225 lbs. maximum
III Household light 200 lbs. maximum
Always inspect the ladder before you use it. Never use the ladder if it is damaged, broken, or bent.
Do not make a temporary repair of broken or missing parts and then use the ladder. The temporary repair could fail while you are high off the ground. A ladder should be free from grease, oil, mud, snow, and other slippery materials before using.
Moving the Ladder
You should carry a single or extension ladder parallel to the ground. Hold the side rail in the middle of the ladder so you can balance the load. You should get help moving a very long ladder.
You should always carry a stepladder in the closed position.
Before you use a single ladder, extension ladder, or stepladder outside the house, make sure it will not hit electrical wires, tree limbs, or any other obstructions when it is extended.
To ensure that the ladder is stable, place the feet of the ladder on firm, even ground.
The bottom of the ladder should be 1 foot away from the wall for every 4 feet that the ladder rises. For example, if the ladder touches the wall 16 feet above the ground, the feet of the ladder should be 4 feet from the wall. If you are going to climb onto a roof, the ladder should extend 3 feet higher than the roof. The upper and lower sections of an extension ladder should overlap to provide stability.
Recommended Height of a Ladder
Ladder Height Maximum Work Height
16 ft. ladder 13 ft. maximum work height
24 ft. ladder 21 ft. maximum work height
28 ft. ladder 24 ft. maximum work height
32 ft. ladder 29 ft. maximum work height
36 ft. ladder 32 ft. maximum work height
Before using a stepladder, make sure it is fully open and the spreaders or braces between the two sections are fully extended and locked.
Whether inside or outside the house, do not place stepladders or utility ladders on boxes, countertops, or unstable surfaces to gain additional height.
The highest standing level on a stepladder should be two steps down from the top.
Using the Ladder
Before climbing a ladder, make sure the locks are secured and the bottom and top of the ladder rails are on firm surfaces. The soles of your shoes should be clean so they do not slip off the ladder rungs. Do not wear leather-soled shoes because they can be slippery. Your shoelaces should be securely tied. Make sure your shoelaces and pant legs are not so long that they extend under your shoes and cause you to slip.
• Face the ladder while climbing and stay in the center of the rails. Grip both rails securely while climbing.
• Do not lean over the side of the ladder. Your belt buckle should not be further than the side rail.
• On single or extension ladders, never stand above the third rung from the top and never climb above the point where the ladder touches the wall or vertical support.
• On stepladders, never stand on the paint shelf, spreaders, or back section.
• Never stand on the top rung of any ladder.
• Do not overreach. It is safer to move the ladder to a new location when needed. Do not try to "jog" or "walk" the ladder to a new location while standing on it. Climb down and reposition the ladder.
• Do not overload a ladder. It is meant to be used by only one person at a time.
• Never use a ladder in high winds.
• Do not use any ladder if you tire easily, are subject to fainting spells, or are using medications or alcohol that make you dizzy or drowsy.
What to Do If You Fall From a Ladder
• Calmly assess the situation and determine if you are hurt.
• Get up slowly.
• If you feel that an injury has occurred which prevents standing or walking, do not panic. Call for assistance. If the injury is serious, call 911.
• If you are not injured, rest for a while and regain your composure before climbing again.
Ladders are useful tools, but they must be used properly to avoid turning a household chore into a trip to the emergency room or a physician's office.
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-The user's reply provides accurate and comprehensive information on ladder safety practices, including ladder types, inspection, moving techniques, height recommendations, proper usage, and what to do in case of a fall. Well done! (1 Acknowledge point)
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Falls are more than injuries
TYPES OF FALLS
Falls are of two basic types: elevated falls and same-level falls. Same-level falls are most frequent, but elevated falls are more severe.
1. Same-Level Falls: high frequency—low severity
2. Elevated Falls: lower frequency—high severity
Same-level falls are generally slips or trips in which the individual is injured when he hits a walking or working surface, or strikes some other object during the fall. Over 60 percent of elevated falls are of less than 10 feet.
SAME-LEVEL FALLS
Examples of same-level falls are described below.
Slip and Fall
Slips are primarily caused by a slippery surface and compounded by wearing the wrong footwear. In normal walking two types of slips occur. The first of these is when the forward foot contacts the walking surface at an angle near the rear edge of the heel. With this type of slip the front foot slips forward and the person falls backward.
The second type of fall is when the rear foot slips backward. The force to move forward is on the sole of the rear foot. As the rear heel is lifted and the force moves forward to the front of the sole, the foot slips back and the person falls.
To prevent such slips and falls a high coefficient of friction (COF) between the shoe and walking surface is needed. On ice, wet and oily surfaces this COF can be as low as .10 with shoes that are not slip-resistant. What is needed is a COF of .40 to .50 or more for excellent traction. To put this figure in perspective, a brushed concrete surface and a rubber heel will often show a COF greater than 1.0. Leather soles on a wet smooth surface, such as ceramic tile or ice, may have a COF as low as .10.
Providing dry walking and working surfaces and slip-resistant footwear is the answer to slips and their resultant falls and injuries. Obviously, high heels, with minimal heel-to-surface contact, cleats on heels, and shoes with leather or other hard, smooth-surfaced soles lead to slips, falls and injuries. Shoes with cleated soft rubber soles and heels provide a high COF and are recommended for most agricultural work.
In work areas where the walking and working surface is likely to be slippery, non-skid strips or floor coatings should be used. Since a COF of .40 to .50 is preferred for walking and working surfaces, we should strive for a surface which provides a minimum of 50 percent of this friction. If the working surface is very slippery, no footwear will provide a safe COF.
Trip and Fall
Trips occur when the front foot strikes an object and is suddenly stopped. The upper body is then thrown forward and a fall occurs.
As little as a 3/8" rise in a walkway can cause a person to "stub" his toe resulting in a trip and fall. The same thing can happen going up a flight of stairs: only a slight difference in the height of the steps and a person can trip and fall.
Step and Fall
Another type of working and walking surface fall is the step and fall. This occurs when our front foot lands on a surface lower than expected, such as unexpectedly stepping off a curb in the dark. In this type of fall we normally fall forward. A second type of step and fall occurs when we step forward or down, and either the inside or outside of our foot lands on an object higher than the other side. The ankle turns and we tend to fall forward and sideways.
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
Proper housekeeping in work and walking areas can contribute to safety and the prevention of falls. Not only is it important to maintain a safe working environment and walking surface, these areas must also be kept free of obstacles which can cause slips and trips. One method which promotes good housekeeping in work environments is the painting of yellow lines to identify working and walking areas. These areas should never be obstructed by objects of any kind.
Adequate lighting to ensure proper vision is also important in the prevention of slips and falls. Moving from light to dark areas, or vice versa, can cause temporary vision problems that just might be enough to cause a person to slip on an oil spill or trip over a misplaced object.
Carrying an oversized object can also obstruct one's vision and result in a slip or a trip. This is a particularly serious problem on stairs.
BEHAVIORS THAT LEAD TO FALLS
In addition to wearing the wrong footwear, there are specific behaviors which can lead to slips, trips and falls. Walking too fast, or running, is a major problem. We land harder on the heel of our front foot and push harder off the sole of our rear foot; thus, a greater COF is required to prevent slips and falls. Rapid changes in direction create a similar problem.
Other problems are distractions, not watching where we are going, carrying materials which obstruct our vision, wearing sunglasses in low-light areas and failure to use handrails. These and other behaviors, caused by lack of knowledge, impatience, or bad habits developed from past experiences, can lead to falls, injuries or even death.
ELEVATED FALLS
As stated previously, elevated falls are less frequent but more severe than same-level falls in the workplace. This, however, is not true in Florida agriculture in which 17 percent of all serious injuries are from elevated levels and eight percent are from same-level falls.
Falls from ladders while harvesting oranges and grapefruit are the major cause of elevated falls in Florida agriculture, but there are also significant numbers of falls from vehicles and equipment, loading docks, buildings and other structures.
Falls From Ladders
Ladders may be fixed or portable. They may be straight- extension- or step-ladders and may be manufactured from wood, metal, plastic or fiberglass. They can be light, medium, heavy or extra-heavy-duty.
They can be as short as two feet (step-stools), 18 feet for extra-heavy-duty step-ladders, and 40 feet or longer for extension-type ladders.
The materials from which ladders are constructed have advantages and disadvantages in weight, durability, flexibility, conductivity, and strength. The intended use of the ladder should determine the type purchased, and only the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) approved ladders should be used. One major caution is that metal ladders should never be used in locations in which the ladder or its user could come into contact with electricity.
A ladder should be long enough so that when it rests against the upper support the user can perform his work without his waist being higher than the top rung of the ladder or above the rung at which the siderails are resting against the upper support. This means that the top three rungs of a straight ladder, or the top two steps of a step-ladder, should never be used for the feet.
The lower ends of the siderails should be equipped with slip-resistant pads, particularly if the ladder is to be used on hard surfaces. The same is true for the upper ends of the siderails if they are to rest against a surface.
Ladders should be set at, or as near, a 4:1 angle as possible. That is, for each three-or four-feet of rise from the base to the upper resting edge of the ladder, the base should be one foot out from a vertical line from the upper resting edge of the ladder to the working surface. The base of the ladder must be firmly set so that there is no possibility of slippage or settling into soft ground. The resting edge of the ladder should have both siderails in contact with the object (building or tree) it is against. When setting a ladder against a tree, set the ladder in the crotch of two limbs so that it cannot slide in either direction. Whenever there is any question as to the stability of the ladder, additional effort should be made to stabilize the ladder as it is being climbed. Tying the top of the ladder to the supporting structure can also keep the ladder from slipping or sliding.
Ladders should be inspected before use: check for cracks, loose rungs, slivers and sharp edges. Never paint ladders, as the paint can hide potentially dangerous conditions. Wooden ladders can be coated with linseed oil or an oil-based wood preservative to keep them from drying out and caking. Allow ladders to dry thoroughly before using them or the rungs will be slippery.
The rungs and siderails of ladders must be kept free of oil, grease and mud; they should be kept dry. Since the shoe has limited contact with the rung or step of a ladder, it is very important that these and the shoes have a high COF. Only shoes with heels should be worn when climbing ladders; users should be taught that the rung or step of the ladder should be just in front of the heel, under the arch of the foot. Stepping or standing on a ladder with the front part of the shoe is inviting a slip and fall. Always face the ladder when climbing or descending.
Another frequent cause of ladder accidents is attempting to reach too far left or right. When working on a ladder, the person's belt buckle should never extend beyond the siderails. Reaching further can cause the ladder to slide in the opposite direction. Tying the ladder to the structure supporting it can prevent this and is a recommended practice.
Workers should have both hands free to hold the ladder's siderails, not the rungs, when climbing or descending. Small tools may be carried in a tool belt, not in the hands; but a better choice is to raise tools and supplies with a rope. Never raise or lower power tools by the cord or while they are plugged into an electrical source.
Make-shift ladders, chairs, boxes, and barrels should never be used as a substitute for a ladder—the risk of an accident is far too great.
Falls from Vehicles and Equipment
Death or serious injury is
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TYPES OF FALLS
Falls are of two basic types: elevated falls and same-level falls. Same-level falls are most frequent, but elevated falls are more severe.
1. Same-Level Falls: high frequency—low severity
2. Elevated Falls: lower frequency—high severity
Same-level falls are generally slips or trips in which the individual is injured when he hits a walking or working surface, or strikes some other object during the fall. Over 60 percent of elevated falls are of less than 10 feet.
SAME-LEVEL FALLS
Examples of same-level falls are described below.
Slip and Fall
Slips are primarily caused by a slippery surface and compounded by wearing the wrong footwear. In normal walking two types of slips occur. The first of these is when the forward foot contacts the walking surface at an angle near the rear edge of the heel. With this type of slip the front foot slips forward and the person falls backward.
The second type of fall is when the rear foot slips backward. The force to move forward is on the sole of the rear foot. As the rear heel is lifted and the force moves forward to the front of the sole, the foot slips back and the person falls.
To prevent such slips and falls a high coefficient of friction (COF) between the shoe and walking surface is needed. On ice, wet and oily surfaces this COF can be as low as .10 with shoes that are not slip-resistant. What is needed is a COF of .40 to .50 or more for excellent traction. To put this figure in perspective, a brushed concrete surface and a rubber heel will often show a COF greater than 1.0. Leather soles on a wet smooth surface, such as ceramic tile or ice, may have a COF as low as .10.
Providing dry walking and working surfaces and slip-resistant footwear is the answer to slips and their resultant falls and injuries. Obviously, high heels, with minimal heel-to-surface contact, cleats on heels, and shoes with leather or other hard, smooth-surfaced soles lead to slips, falls and injuries. Shoes with cleated soft rubber soles and heels provide a high COF and are recommended for most agricultural work.
In work areas where the walking and working surface is likely to be slippery, non-skid strips or floor coatings should be used. Since a COF of .40 to .50 is preferred for walking and working surfaces, we should strive for a surface which provides a minimum of 50 percent of this friction. If the working surface is very slippery, no footwear will provide a safe COF.
Trip and Fall
Trips occur when the front foot strikes an object and is suddenly stopped. The upper body is then thrown forward and a fall occurs.
As little as a 3/8" rise in a walkway can cause a person to "stub" his toe resulting in a trip and fall. The same thing can happen going up a flight of stairs: only a slight difference in the height of the steps and a person can trip and fall.
Step and Fall
Another type of working and walking surface fall is the step and fall. This occurs when our front foot lands on a surface lower than expected, such as unexpectedly stepping off a curb in the dark. In this type of fall we normally fall forward. A second type of step and fall occurs when we step forward or down, and either the inside or outside of our foot lands on an object higher than the other side. The ankle turns and we tend to fall forward and sideways.
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
Proper housekeeping in work and walking areas can contribute to safety and the prevention of falls. Not only is it important to maintain a safe working environment and walking surface, these areas must also be kept free of obstacles which can cause slips and trips. One method which promotes good housekeeping in work environments is the painting of yellow lines to identify working and walking areas. These areas should never be obstructed by objects of any kind.
Adequate lighting to ensure proper vision is also important in the prevention of slips and falls. Moving from light to dark areas, or vice versa, can cause temporary vision problems that just might be enough to cause a person to slip on an oil spill or trip over a misplaced object.
Carrying an oversized object can also obstruct one's vision and result in a slip or a trip. This is a particularly serious problem on stairs.
BEHAVIORS THAT LEAD TO FALLS
In addition to wearing the wrong footwear, there are specific behaviors which can lead to slips, trips and falls. Walking too fast, or running, is a major problem. We land harder on the heel of our front foot and push harder off the sole of our rear foot; thus, a greater COF is required to prevent slips and falls. Rapid changes in direction create a similar problem.
Other problems are distractions, not watching where we are going, carrying materials which obstruct our vision, wearing sunglasses in low-light areas and failure to use handrails. These and other behaviors, caused by lack of knowledge, impatience, or bad habits developed from past experiences, can lead to falls, injuries or even death.
ELEVATED FALLS
As stated previously, elevated falls are less frequent but more severe than same-level falls in the workplace. This, however, is not true in Florida agriculture in which 17 percent of all serious injuries are from elevated levels and eight percent are from same-level falls.
Falls from ladders while harvesting oranges and grapefruit are the major cause of elevated falls in Florida agriculture, but there are also significant numbers of falls from vehicles and equipment, loading docks, buildings and other structures.
Falls From Ladders
Ladders may be fixed or portable. They may be straight- extension- or step-ladders and may be manufactured from wood, metal, plastic or fiberglass. They can be light, medium, heavy or extra-heavy-duty.
They can be as short as two feet (step-stools), 18 feet for extra-heavy-duty step-ladders, and 40 feet or longer for extension-type ladders.
The materials from which ladders are constructed have advantages and disadvantages in weight, durability, flexibility, conductivity, and strength. The intended use of the ladder should determine the type purchased, and only the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) approved ladders should be used. One major caution is that metal ladders should never be used in locations in which the ladder or its user could come into contact with electricity.
A ladder should be long enough so that when it rests against the upper support the user can perform his work without his waist being higher than the top rung of the ladder or above the rung at which the siderails are resting against the upper support. This means that the top three rungs of a straight ladder, or the top two steps of a step-ladder, should never be used for the feet.
The lower ends of the siderails should be equipped with slip-resistant pads, particularly if the ladder is to be used on hard surfaces. The same is true for the upper ends of the siderails if they are to rest against a surface.
Ladders should be set at, or as near, a 4:1 angle as possible. That is, for each three-or four-feet of rise from the base to the upper resting edge of the ladder, the base should be one foot out from a vertical line from the upper resting edge of the ladder to the working surface. The base of the ladder must be firmly set so that there is no possibility of slippage or settling into soft ground. The resting edge of the ladder should have both siderails in contact with the object (building or tree) it is against. When setting a ladder against a tree, set the ladder in the crotch of two limbs so that it cannot slide in either direction. Whenever there is any question as to the stability of the ladder, additional effort should be made to stabilize the ladder as it is being climbed. Tying the top of the ladder to the supporting structure can also keep the ladder from slipping or sliding.
Ladders should be inspected before use: check for cracks, loose rungs, slivers and sharp edges. Never paint ladders, as the paint can hide potentially dangerous conditions. Wooden ladders can be coated with linseed oil or an oil-based wood preservative to keep them from drying out and caking. Allow ladders to dry thoroughly before using them or the rungs will be slippery.
The rungs and siderails of ladders must be kept free of oil, grease and mud; they should be kept dry. Since the shoe has limited contact with the rung or step of a ladder, it is very important that these and the shoes have a high COF. Only shoes with heels should be worn when climbing ladders; users should be taught that the rung or step of the ladder should be just in front of the heel, under the arch of the foot. Stepping or standing on a ladder with the front part of the shoe is inviting a slip and fall. Always face the ladder when climbing or descending.
Another frequent cause of ladder accidents is attempting to reach too far left or right. When working on a ladder, the person's belt buckle should never extend beyond the siderails. Reaching further can cause the ladder to slide in the opposite direction. Tying the ladder to the structure supporting it can prevent this and is a recommended practice.
Workers should have both hands free to hold the ladder's siderails, not the rungs, when climbing or descending. Small tools may be carried in a tool belt, not in the hands; but a better choice is to raise tools and supplies with a rope. Never raise or lower power tools by the cord or while they are plugged into an electrical source.
Make-shift ladders, chairs, boxes, and barrels should never be used as a substitute for a ladder—the risk of an accident is far too great.
Falls from Vehicles and Equipment
Death or serious injury is
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-The user's reply provides detailed and accurate information on the types of falls, contributing factors, behaviors, and prevention methods related to slips, trips, and falls. Well-explained and informative. (1 Acknowledge point)
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Dear all,
Have a look at another contribution from my side on Construction Accidents.
Dear Raghu and Terry,
Thank you for your inputs and efforts to keep up the pace. Keep on sharing. It's worth it for all who are interested.
From India
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Have a look at another contribution from my side on Construction Accidents.
Dear Raghu and Terry,
Thank you for your inputs and efforts to keep up the pace. Keep on sharing. It's worth it for all who are interested.
From India
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Dear all,
Another one from my side regarding machine guarding.
Dear Penny & Dipil,
Mr. Penny, great write-ups about fall protection. Thanks for your construction video, Mr. Dipil (we have that video in our SVL collection).
Keep on sharing.
From United States, Fpo
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Another one from my side regarding machine guarding.
Dear Penny & Dipil,
Mr. Penny, great write-ups about fall protection. Thanks for your construction video, Mr. Dipil (we have that video in our SVL collection).
Keep on sharing.
From United States, Fpo
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Dear All Just have a look inot another contribution from myside... Dear Raghu: Nice video.. Keep on sharing and keep up the pace... Sorry for upload the same file again... Just keep up the pace...
From India
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From India
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Dear all, Sorry !!! Here is the attachment — Extension Ladder-I —
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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Dear All,
Just have a look into another contribution from my side... An example of poor job planning and risk assessment.
Dear Raghu,
Thanks for your extension ladder video. Just keep on sharing and keep up the pace.
From India
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Just have a look into another contribution from my side... An example of poor job planning and risk assessment.
Dear Raghu,
Thanks for your extension ladder video. Just keep on sharing and keep up the pace.
From India
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Dear all, Just take a look on attached Extension Ladder-II video. . . Dear dipil, Thanks for your poor job planning and risk assessment video. . . Keep on sharing. . .
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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Dear All Have a look into another contribution from myside on Forklift Accident... Dear Raghu: Thanks for your extension ladder video... Keep on sharing and keep up the pace...
From India
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From India
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Dear all,
Just take a look at the attached Ladder Safety-I video.
Dear Dipil,
Thanks for your forklift driver video (the good thing is the forklift driver escaped from that accident).
Keep on sharing.
From United States, Fpo
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Just take a look at the attached Ladder Safety-I video.
Dear Dipil,
Thanks for your forklift driver video (the good thing is the forklift driver escaped from that accident).
Keep on sharing.
From United States, Fpo
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Dear All Let’s have a look into another one on Seat Belt... Dear Raghu: I hope the video you upload was already send by you earlier... Keep on shairng and keep up the pace...
From India
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From India
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Dear all, Another one from myside regarding Ladder safety training video-I. . . Dear dipil, Thanks for your seat belt video.Sorry for previous upload. . . Keep on sharing. . .
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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Morning, everyone. Here are a few fresh ones for everyone to look at. The link from the MSHA is really good, to say the least; it has a raft of training materials contained within:
http://miningquiz.com <link updated to site home>
http://miningquiz.com <link updated to site home>
http://miningquiz.com <link updated to site home>
http://miningquiz.com <link updated to site home>
http://miningquiz.com <link updated to site home>
http://miningquiz.com <link updated to site home>
[MSHA - Safety Pro in a Box Home Page](http://www.msha.gov/safetypro_in_a_box/index.asp)
From Canada, Calgary
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http://miningquiz.com <link updated to site home>
http://miningquiz.com <link updated to site home>
http://miningquiz.com <link updated to site home>
http://miningquiz.com <link updated to site home>
http://miningquiz.com <link updated to site home>
http://miningquiz.com <link updated to site home>
[MSHA - Safety Pro in a Box Home Page](http://www.msha.gov/safetypro_in_a_box/index.asp)
From Canada, Calgary
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Dear All,
Just have a look at another contribution from my side related to Forklift...
Dear Raghu, thanks for your ladder safety video.
Dear Terry, nice to see your links and contribution.
Let's keep up the pace.
From India
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Just have a look at another contribution from my side related to Forklift...
Dear Raghu, thanks for your ladder safety video.
Dear Terry, nice to see your links and contribution.
Let's keep up the pace.
From India
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Dear all,
Another one from my side regarding Ladder safety training video-II.
Dear Penney,
Thanks for your videos & files. Special thanks for the scissor lift accident information/safety summary. I will share the same with my erection supervisors.
Dear Dipil,
Thanks for your forklift video. Keep on sharing.
Thank you.
From United States, Fpo
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Another one from my side regarding Ladder safety training video-II.
Dear Penney,
Thanks for your videos & files. Special thanks for the scissor lift accident information/safety summary. I will share the same with my erection supervisors.
Dear Dipil,
Thanks for your forklift video. Keep on sharing.
Thank you.
From United States, Fpo
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Dear all, Another one from my side regarding PPE training video-I. Keep on sharing. . .
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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Dear All Have a look into another contribution from myside... Removing of pricked nail from hand, really horrible one... Dear Raghu: Thanks for both of the videos... just keep up the pace,....
From India
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From India
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Dear all, Another one from my side regarding PPE training video-II. Dear dipil, Thanks for your Nail video. . . Keep on sharing. . .
From United States, Fpo
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From United States, Fpo
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Dear All Just have a look into another contribution from myside... Dear Raghu: Thanks for your PPE video... Keep on sharing...
From India
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From India
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Here is the rest of the safety links and data.
The bottom one is designed to teach us all how to laugh at safety without the injuries. Sometimes laughing about the incident helps us to remember to correct the seriousness of not correcting the mistake.
- [Free Training - OSHA Training Menu](http://www.free-training.com/osha/soshamenu.htm)
- [OSHA Ergonomic Solutions: Computer Workstations eTool](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/computerworkstations/index.html)
- [Evacuation Plans and Procedures eTool](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/evacuation/index.html)
- [ICS eTool: Home](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ics/index.html)
- [Lockout-Tagout Interactive Training Program](http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/lototraining/index.html)
- [Machine Guarding eTool](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/machineguarding/index.html)
- [Noise and Hearing Conservation Technical Manual Chapter](http://osha.gov)
- [Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing eTool](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/oilandgas/index.html)
- [Respiratory eTool](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/respiratory/index.html)
- [Safety and Health Management Systems eTool - Home Page](http://osha.gov)
- [The Asbestos Advisor 2.0](http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/asbestos/index.html)
- [OSHA Fire Safety Advisor 1.0a](http://osha.gov) ([Search On Cite](https://www.citehr.com/results.php?q=OSHA Fire Safety Advisor 1 0a) | [Search On Google](https://www.google.com/search?q=OSHA Fire Safety Advisor 1 0a))
- [OSHA Hazard Awareness Advisor, Version 1.0](http://osha.gov) ([Search On Cite](https://www.citehr.com/results.php?q=OSHA Hazard Awareness Advisor Version 1 0) | [Search On Google](https://www.google.com/search?q=OSHA Hazard Awareness Advisor Version 1 0))
- [The OSHA LOTO Plus Expert Advisor - Public Test Version](http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/oshasoft/lotoplus.html)
Free training such as forklift operations, back safety, Haz Comm.
- [OSHAcademy Free Online Occupational Safety and Health Training - Training for safety committees, supervisors, and other safety professionals](http://www.oshatrain.org/courses/index.html)
Do all modules.
- [OSHA Publications - 3385magnet-english.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/3385magnet-english.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3165.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3165.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - whistleblower_rights.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/whistleblower_rights.pdf)
- [Workers](http://www.osha.gov/workers.html)
- [Distracted Driving](http://www.osha.gov/distracted-driving/index.html)
This poster must be on-site and understood by workers.
- [OSHA Publications - worker-rights-sheets-english.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/worker-rights-sheets-english.pdf)
All OSHA workers must sign off and read this directive.
- [OSHA Publications - osha3110.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3110.pdf)
OSHA medical records and worker understanding.
- [OSHA Publications - osha3071.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3071.pdf)
Full read for all OSHA workers and managers.
Here is the OSHA shopping list of what workers need to know and talk about in their safety program on top of our materials in our manual.
- [OSHA](http://osha.gov)
- [Safety and Health Topics: Respiratory Protection](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/respiratoryprotection/index.html)
- [OSHA Hurricane Facts - atmospheric_test_confined.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/atmospheric_test_confined.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - OSHA3317first-aid.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3317first-aid.pdf)
- [OSHA BloodborneFacts - bbfact05.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_BloodborneFacts/bbfact05.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - OSHA-brownfield-cleanup.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA-brownfield-cleanup.pdf)
- [OSHA Hurricane Facts - carbon_monoxide.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/carbon_monoxide.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3084.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3084.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3120.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3120.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3075.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3075.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - 3362silica-exposures.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/3362silica-exposures.pdf)
- [OSHA General Facts - crystalline-factsheet.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/crystalline-factsheet.pdf)
- [OSHA General Facts - emergency-exit-routes-factsheet.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/emergency-exit-routes-factsheet.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3000.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3000.pdf)
- [OSHA General Facts - FireSafetyN.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/FireSafetyN.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3111.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3111.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3074.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3074.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3088.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3088.pdf)
- [OSHA Hurricane Facts - hydrogen_sulfide_fact.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/hydrogen_sulfide_fact.pdf)
- [OSHA Hurricane Facts - LeadHazards.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/LeadHazards.pdf)
- [Osha Recordkeeping Handbook](http://osha.gov) ([Search On Cite](https://www.citehr.com/results.php?q=Osha Recordkeeping Handbook) | [Search On Google](https://www.google.com/search?q=Osha Recordkeeping Handbook))
- [OSHA Hurricane Facts - rodents_snakes_insects.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/rodents_snakes_insects.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - Oil_Spill_Booklet_05.11_v4.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/Oil_Spill_Booklet_05.11_v4.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3150.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3150.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3072.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3072.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3124.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3124.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha2254.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha2254.pdf)
- [OSHA Hurricane Facts - work_xone_traffic_safety.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/work_xone_traffic_safety.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - worker-rights-sheets-english.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/worker-rights-sheets-english.pdf)
- [OSHA General Facts - factsheet-workplace-violence.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/factsheet-workplace-violence.pdf)
- [OSHA General Facts - factsheet-lockout-tagout.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/factsheet-lockout-tagout.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha2236.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha2236.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - motor_vehicle_guide.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/motor_vehicle_guide.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - OSH-ACT-reprint-3-09-04.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSH-ACT-reprint-3-09-04.pdf)
- [Injury and Illness - Recordkeeping](http://www.osha.gov/recordkeeping/RKforms.html)
- [OSHA Publications - new-osha300form1-1-04.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/recordkeeping/new-osha300form1-1-04.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - RKfactsheet2.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_RecordkeepingFacts/RKfactsheet2.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3138.pdf](http://www
From Canada, Calgary
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The bottom one is designed to teach us all how to laugh at safety without the injuries. Sometimes laughing about the incident helps us to remember to correct the seriousness of not correcting the mistake.
- [Free Training - OSHA Training Menu](http://www.free-training.com/osha/soshamenu.htm)
- [OSHA Ergonomic Solutions: Computer Workstations eTool](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/computerworkstations/index.html)
- [Evacuation Plans and Procedures eTool](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/evacuation/index.html)
- [ICS eTool: Home](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ics/index.html)
- [Lockout-Tagout Interactive Training Program](http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/lototraining/index.html)
- [Machine Guarding eTool](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/machineguarding/index.html)
- [Noise and Hearing Conservation Technical Manual Chapter](http://osha.gov)
- [Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing eTool](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/oilandgas/index.html)
- [Respiratory eTool](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/respiratory/index.html)
- [Safety and Health Management Systems eTool - Home Page](http://osha.gov)
- [The Asbestos Advisor 2.0](http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/asbestos/index.html)
- [OSHA Fire Safety Advisor 1.0a](http://osha.gov) ([Search On Cite](https://www.citehr.com/results.php?q=OSHA Fire Safety Advisor 1 0a) | [Search On Google](https://www.google.com/search?q=OSHA Fire Safety Advisor 1 0a))
- [OSHA Hazard Awareness Advisor, Version 1.0](http://osha.gov) ([Search On Cite](https://www.citehr.com/results.php?q=OSHA Hazard Awareness Advisor Version 1 0) | [Search On Google](https://www.google.com/search?q=OSHA Hazard Awareness Advisor Version 1 0))
- [The OSHA LOTO Plus Expert Advisor - Public Test Version](http://www.osha.gov/dts/osta/oshasoft/lotoplus.html)
Free training such as forklift operations, back safety, Haz Comm.
- [OSHAcademy Free Online Occupational Safety and Health Training - Training for safety committees, supervisors, and other safety professionals](http://www.oshatrain.org/courses/index.html)
Do all modules.
- [OSHA Publications - 3385magnet-english.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/3385magnet-english.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3165.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3165.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - whistleblower_rights.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/whistleblower_rights.pdf)
- [Workers](http://www.osha.gov/workers.html)
- [Distracted Driving](http://www.osha.gov/distracted-driving/index.html)
This poster must be on-site and understood by workers.
- [OSHA Publications - worker-rights-sheets-english.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/worker-rights-sheets-english.pdf)
All OSHA workers must sign off and read this directive.
- [OSHA Publications - osha3110.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3110.pdf)
OSHA medical records and worker understanding.
- [OSHA Publications - osha3071.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3071.pdf)
Full read for all OSHA workers and managers.
Here is the OSHA shopping list of what workers need to know and talk about in their safety program on top of our materials in our manual.
- [OSHA](http://osha.gov)
- [Safety and Health Topics: Respiratory Protection](http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/respiratoryprotection/index.html)
- [OSHA Hurricane Facts - atmospheric_test_confined.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/atmospheric_test_confined.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - OSHA3317first-aid.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3317first-aid.pdf)
- [OSHA BloodborneFacts - bbfact05.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_BloodborneFacts/bbfact05.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - OSHA-brownfield-cleanup.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA-brownfield-cleanup.pdf)
- [OSHA Hurricane Facts - carbon_monoxide.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/carbon_monoxide.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3084.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3084.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3120.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3120.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3075.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3075.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - 3362silica-exposures.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/3362silica-exposures.pdf)
- [OSHA General Facts - crystalline-factsheet.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/crystalline-factsheet.pdf)
- [OSHA General Facts - emergency-exit-routes-factsheet.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/emergency-exit-routes-factsheet.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3000.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3000.pdf)
- [OSHA General Facts - FireSafetyN.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/FireSafetyN.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3111.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3111.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3074.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3074.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3088.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3088.pdf)
- [OSHA Hurricane Facts - hydrogen_sulfide_fact.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/hydrogen_sulfide_fact.pdf)
- [OSHA Hurricane Facts - LeadHazards.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/LeadHazards.pdf)
- [Osha Recordkeeping Handbook](http://osha.gov) ([Search On Cite](https://www.citehr.com/results.php?q=Osha Recordkeeping Handbook) | [Search On Google](https://www.google.com/search?q=Osha Recordkeeping Handbook))
- [OSHA Hurricane Facts - rodents_snakes_insects.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/rodents_snakes_insects.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - Oil_Spill_Booklet_05.11_v4.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/Oil_Spill_Booklet_05.11_v4.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3150.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3150.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3072.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3072.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3124.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3124.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha2254.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha2254.pdf)
- [OSHA Hurricane Facts - work_xone_traffic_safety.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_Hurricane_Facts/work_xone_traffic_safety.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - worker-rights-sheets-english.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/worker-rights-sheets-english.pdf)
- [OSHA General Facts - factsheet-workplace-violence.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/factsheet-workplace-violence.pdf)
- [OSHA General Facts - factsheet-lockout-tagout.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_General_Facts/factsheet-lockout-tagout.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha2236.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha2236.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - motor_vehicle_guide.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/motor_vehicle_guide.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - OSH-ACT-reprint-3-09-04.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSH-ACT-reprint-3-09-04.pdf)
- [Injury and Illness - Recordkeeping](http://www.osha.gov/recordkeeping/RKforms.html)
- [OSHA Publications - new-osha300form1-1-04.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/recordkeeping/new-osha300form1-1-04.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - RKfactsheet2.pdf](http://www.osha.gov/OshDoc/data_RecordkeepingFacts/RKfactsheet2.pdf)
- [OSHA Publications - osha3138.pdf](http://www
From Canada, Calgary
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(Fact Checked)-[The user's reply contains a comprehensive list of safety links and resources, which are valuable for enhancing safety knowledge and practices in the workplace. Well done!] (1 Acknowledge point)
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Dear Terry Thanks a lot for a lot inputs links... Keep on sharing your expertise with us... Dear All Just have a look into the video related to fire... Keep up the pace...
From India
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From India
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Road safety policy.zip
CiteHR.AI
(Fact Checked)-The information provided regarding electrical safety and working with electricity is accurate and comprehensive. Thank you for sharing valuable insights on this critical topic. (1 Acknowledge point)